Evolution of Trains

This was made by me as part of a technical communication course I had taken.
Herein I have tried to give brief from Steam Engines to Shinkansen to Maglev to Hyperloop.

1. AE – 401 - EVOLUTION OF TRAINS HARSHIT RAO 170294

2. EARLY TRAINS

3. Generic shapes for the nose of a locomotive Sir Nigel Gresley’s A4 locomotive, the Bittern J3-a Hudson steam locomotive

4. BULLET TRAIN - SHINKANSEN Shinkansen trains are electric multiple units, offering fast acceleration, deceleration and reduced damage to the track because of the use of lighter vehicles compared to locomotives or power cars. Over the Shinkansen's 50-plus-year history, carrying over 10 billion passengers, there has been not a single passenger fatality or injury due to train accidents

5. Aerodynamics and the moving train H ere D is the total resistance - including mechanical resistance - in units of kgf, V is the speed of the train in km/h, W is the total weight of the train in tonnes, and l is its length in meters. It is the second term that embodies the aerodynamic drag, which, as we’d expect from aerodynamic theory, is proportional to V^ 2

6. MAGLEV

7. TECHNOLOGY USED IN MAGLEVs

8. HYPERLOOP – TRAIN OF THE FUTURE

9. BASIC STRUCTURE - HYPERLOOP

10. PROPULSION IN HYPERLOOP

11. PROS AND CONS – Linear Induction Motor ADVANTAGES Proven its operation for Maglev Relatively cheap guideway because no active parts and power supply have to be installed No gears required DIS-ADVANTAGES Heat generation in the short primary (pod) A reduced energy efficiency because of end effects LIM is not efficient in combination with EDS.

12. Linear Synchronous Motor

13. Gravity Vacum Transit - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity-vacuum_transit Hyperloop - The_Future_of_Hyperloop_by_Delft_Hyperloop.pdf https://hyperloopconnected.org/2019/03/the-importance-of-aerodynamics-in-a-near-vacuum/ Aerodynamics of train - https://the-contact-patch.com/book/rail/r1416-aerodynamics-and-the-moving-train Rocket Locomotive - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_locomotive MAGLEV - https://mediarail.wordpress.com/are-futuristic-maglev-train-could-revolutionize-railways/ SHINKANSEN : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinkansen#Trains Images https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0167610515000288&psig=AOvVaw2C5Bx9kHPiI9IUY3ow-eKr&ust=1601443266980000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCJC53qfPjewCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAb https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2016-06-maglev.html&psig=AOvVaw0lmxIsDKlxJ5a7IW9uLrRS&ust=1601545168303000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCLDKwOzKkOwCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD TITLE PAGE - https://www.pngegg.com/en/png-bmqxv REFERENCES