Examination of Lymph nodes in detail.ppt

Lymph nodes

1. Examination of Lymph
nodes

2. Lymph nodes.…
Are aggregation of lymphoid tissues
which located along the cores of
lymphatic vessels.
Lymph.…
A clear, colorless fluid containing
white blood cells that helps rid the
body of toxins, waste and other
unwanted materials.

3. Functions of Lymphatic system....
1-The primary function of the lymphatic
system is to transport Lymph to blood
circulation .
2-Removal of interstitial fluid, the extracellular
fluid that bathes most tissue.
3-It acts as a highway, transporting white
blood cells to and from the lymph nodes
into the bones, and antigen-presenting cells
to the lymph nodes.
4-Phagocytosis through macrophages

4. Examination of L.N had an important roles in
diagnosis of different diseases affected
animals.
There are a lot of L.N distributed in all body
parts of the animal.
Characteristics of normal L.N.…
1-Its always larger in younger animals than in
adults
2-They are firm and cold in consistency
3-It have a smooth structure on palpation
4-Have no lobulations
5-Its movable

5. Characteristics of diseased L.N.…
1-Enlarged (swelled ) (Lymphadenitis) either
due to
a-Local reaction because of local
inflammation as in..…
**Non specific wound injury
** Sporadic lymphadenitis
**Local abscess as in strangles

6. b- Acute systemic reaction as in.…
** Theileriosis
** Anthrax
** Bovine ephemeral fever
** MCF
c-Chronic systemic reaction as in.…
** Glanders
** Caseous lyphadenitis
** TB
** Actinobacillosis
** Lymphomas and lymphosaccomas

7. d-Enlargement may be of unilateral or bilateral

2-Animal will feel pain during examination
3-Less hardness and hot consistency
4-Lobulated
5-Fixed and have adhesions
6-Have an inflammatory discharge some times

8. Note 1-:
There are some complications will results due
to enlargement of some specific L.N
1-Recurrent tympany or difficult swallowing
which may occur due to enlargement of
mediastinal L.N. as in T.B.
2-Dyspnoea which will occur as a result of
enlargement of Bronchial or
Retropharyngeal L.N.

9. 3-Presence of edematous swelling in the head
and neck due to enlargement of cervical L.N
which make pressure on jugular vein.
4-Retension of urine in male horses due to
enlargement of superficial inguinal L.N
which make pressure on ureters

10. Note 2-:
During inflammation of L.N inflammation of
lymph vessels were also occur
(Lymphangitis) some times result in
corrugation and enlargement of lymph
vessels like long ropes or cords which call
clinically
Pearl necklace arrangement as occur in…
Skin form of glanders in horses
Epizootic lymphangitis
Streptococoal lymphangitis in foals
Ulcerative lymphangitis

12. Examination of L.N include
1-Examination by Inspection (Less important )
2-Examination by Palpation (More important )
3-Obtaining biopsy specimens
During examination of L.N we have to note the
following.…
1-Examination of the size
2-Any Felling of pain sensation during
examination

13. 3-Presence of L.N lobuliations
4-Examintion of the consistency of the L.N
5-Examination of temperature of the overlying
skin
6-Exmination of presence of discharge
7-Presence of adhesion between the L.N and
adjacent tissues
8-Unilateral or bilateral affection

14. Types of lymph nodes
1 -Sub maxillary L.N
In horses :- (Examine)
It present in the intermexillary space
In cattle and dogs
It lie behind the intermaxillary apace near the angle
of mandible
2-Prescapular L.N
In cattle and sheep ….(Examine)
It present in the front and slight dorsal to the point
of the shoulders( Forward to the shoulder point)
In horses ….(Non Examine)
It lie on the anterior border of the anterior deep
pectoral muscle

15. 3 -Prefemoral L.N ( Precrural)
In cattle and sheep :- (Examine)
It present above the fold of the flank dorsal to
the stifle
4-Supramammary L.N
In cattle and sheep :- (Examine)
They are present in the perineum above the
mammary gland
In cattle they divided into two parts right and
left each part have two loobs

17. Other non important lymph nodes for clinical
examination
Pharyngeal L.N
Anterior ,Middle and posterior cervical L.N
Cubital L.N
Axillary L.N
Popliteal L.N
External iliac L.N
Bronchial and mediastinal L.N