EXCAVATION AND PREVENTION OF HAZARDS.pptx

Excavation refers to a man-made cut, trench, or depression created by earth removal.
Excavation is an integral part of many construction projects, including building foundations and public infrastructure projects like building roads.
Excavation sites present numerous hazards that can lead to serious injuries and death.
The major hazards include trench collapses, falls, falling objects, hazardous atmospheres, mobile equipment accidents, electrical hazards, and inclement weather.
This presentation aims to raise awareness about the hazards associated with excavation work and provide control measures to prevent accidents and ensure a safe working environment.

1. EXCAVATION AND PREVENTION OF HAZARDS

2. Introduction to Excavation Hazards

3. Importance of Preventing Excavation Hazards

4. Importance of Preventing Excavation Hazards

5. Excavation Hazards Collapse of Excavated Walls Falls and Slips Falling Objects Hazardous Atmospheres Mobile Equipment Accidents Electrical Hazards Inclement Weather

6. Collapse of Excavated Walls Hazard: Soil collapse or cave-ins can harm workers in the trenches. Injuries: Collapses of excavated walls can bury workers, causing crushing injuries, internal bleeding, broken bones, suffocation, and death

7. Control Measures: Collapse of Excavated Walls

8. Falls and Slips Hazard: Workers might slip and fall into the excavation. Injuries: Falls can lead to severe injuries like head injuries (e.g., traumatic brain injuries), fractures, spinal cord injuries, and death. Slips can cause fractures, sprains, and dislocation of limbs.

9. Control Measures: Falls and Slips

10. Falling Objects Hazard: Tools, equipment, debris, and equipment parts can fall into the excavation when workers are in there. Injuries: Falling objects can cause head and neck injuries, concussions, spinal cord injuries, and broken bones.

11. Control Measures: Falling Objects

12. Hazardous Atmospheres Hazard: Confined spaces like inside the trenches may have toxic gases or low oxygen. Some of the main inhalation hazards include carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. Injuries Low oxygen can lead to asphyxiation and loss of consciousness Exposure to carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide can cause poisoning, respiratory complications, and death. Combustible gases can cause explosions, hence, blast injuries and death.

13. Control Measures: Hazardous Atmospheres

14. Mobile Equipment Accidents Hazard: Workers can be struck by moving equipment or caught between the equipment like backhoes and loaders. Injuries Workers can be struck by moving equipment, resulting in severe injuries like fractures, crushing injuries or death. Workers caught between equipment can sustain crushing injuries, amputations, or death.

15. Control Measures: Mobile Equipment Accidents

16. Electrical Hazards Hazard Contact with underground electrical utility lines can cause electrical shock or spark a fire. Injuries Contact with live electrical lines can cause electrocution, causing burns, fire, respiratory failure, or death.

17. Control Measures: Electrical Hazards

18. Inclement Weather Hazard: Inclement weather conditions, such as heavy rain, strong winds, or extreme temperatures, can create hazardous situations in excavations. Injuries: Heavy rain can cause unstable soil conditions, increasing the risk of collapses or cave-ins, which can cause crushing injuries, broken bones, or suffocation. High winds can cause objects to fall into excavations, causing injuries like fractures, head trauma, or death. Extreme temperatures can increase the risk of illnesses like heat stroke or frostbite.

19. Control Measures: Inclement Weather

20. Actions On-site W orkers M ust Take

21. The 5 4 3 2 1 Rule of E xcavation

22. Conclusion

23. References Flynn, M. A., & Sampson, J. M. (2012). Trench Safety–Using a Qualitative Approach to Understand Barriers and Develop Strategies to Improve Trenching Practices. International Journal of Construction Education and Research, 8(1), 63–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/15578771.2011.633973 Price, M. (2023). Trenching and Excavation Safety. Water Well Journal. https://waterwelljournal.com/trenching-and-excavation-safety/ Tajuddin , A. (2016). Heavy Equipment Safety: Hazards, Control Measures, and Types of Equipment. Safety Notes. https://www.safetynotes.net/heavy-equipment-safety/ Vamsi , V. N. (2023). Health and Safety Concerns in Excavation and the Measures to Mitigate Risk. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 11(3), 188–192. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49400 Zou, D. (2016). Health and Safety, and Risk Management in Underground Excavation. Springer EBooks, 669–699. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1989-0_23