Existentialism and Friedrich Nietzsche

About Existentialism in simplist way and work of Friedrich Nietzsche

1. Existentialism & Friedrich Nietzsche Lecture 4

2. What does it mean to exist? To be physically and mentally aware of your surroundings and choices To participate in life through interaction with others To understand your personal nature

3. Existentialism is a tradition of philosophical enquiry that explores the nature of existence by emphasizing experience of the human subject—not merely the thinking subject, but the acting, feeling, living human individual. Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes individual existence, freedom and choice. It is the view that humans define their own meaning in life, and try to make rational decisions despite existing in an irrational universe.

4. It is subjective Humans possess free will and stand in an absurd and meaningless world or universe. Every individual is unique

5. Existentialist  Themes To be an existing human being means to be free. In contrast with most everything else in the world, a human being is not determined by 'laws of nature. ' The human being has a unique freedom to determine his or her own behavior.

6. Existence precedes Essence Existence precedes Essence Essence  is defined as the core nature or most important qualities of a person or thing. This philosophy begins from man, but from man as existent rather than man as a thinking subject, having a definite nature or essence. A man first exists, encounters himself, and defines himself afterwards. Existence comes before man is set with value or essence

7. Existentialists ask: What is life? What is my place in it? What choices does this obligate me to make?

8. What existentialism does claim Mankind has free will. Life is a series of choices, which creates stress. Few decisions are without any negative consequences. Some things are irrational and absurd, without explanation. If one makes a decision, he or she must follow through.

9. Philosophers described as Existentialists

10. Soren Kierkegaard Danish philosopher born in Copenhagen Is regarded as the father of modern Existentialism and is the first European Philosopher who bears the existentialist label. Human existence is always individual in character, never social. Man functions grows, develops, makes choices, suffers, experiences intense feelings, and faces God as an individual. “Life is not a problem to be solved, but a reality to be experienced.

11. Friedrich Nietzsche Is regarded as a key figure in the rise of existentialism. According to him Christianity is to be overcome by putting in its place the doctrine of superman, that is, man surpassing himself. Nietzsche's  philosophy contemplates the meaning of values and their significance to human existence. Given that no absolute values exist, in  Nietzsche's  worldview, the evolution of values on earth must be measured by some other means.

12. Friedrich Nietzsche Nietzsche's  contribution to  existentialism  was the idea that men must accept that they are part of a material world, regardless of what else might exist. As part of this world, men must live as if there is nothing else beyond life. A failure to live, to take risks, is a failure to realize human potential.

13. NIHILISM The belief in the ultimate meaninglessness of life, the rejection of all religious and moral principles, in the belief that life is meaningless. Among philosophers, Friedrich  Nietzsche  is most often associated with  nihilism . For  Nietzsche , there is no objective order or structure in the world except what we give it. Penetrating the façades buttressing convictions, the  nihilist  discovers that all values are baseless and that reason is impotent

14. NIHILISM Nihilism, in which life is believed to be without objective meaning, purpose, or intrinsic value. the entire purpose of Existential philosophy is to overcome absurdity, or, more accurately, for man to triumph over the absurdity of existence. So Existentialism is the  opposite of nihilism : the  nihilist  says "There is no god, no heaven or hell, so screw it: there can be no right or wrong. Nietzsche  did not claim himself as a  nihilist  nor an  existentialist .

15. Jean-Paul Sartre Stressed that man’s existence precedes his essence. “Man is nothing else but what he purposes, he exists only in so far as he realizes himself, he is therefore nothing else but the sum of his actions, nothing else but what his life is.” responsible for acts of free will without any certain knowledge of what is right or wrong or good or bad Absurdity – the search for answers in an answerless world

16. So since there’s no purpose, the world wasn’t created for a reason, and it doesn’t exist for a reason. Not the worlds lack of meaning but its terrifying abundance of freedom We are painfully shockingly free. We are condemned to be free. A fate that is awful for all of humanity. If there are no guidelines for our actions, then each of us is forced to design our own moral code, to invent a morality to live by Jean-Paul Sartre

17. Existentialism and education  Existentialism  in  education  focuses on the individual, seeking out a personal understanding of the world. Thus each individual characterizes for himself or herself the concepts of reality, truth and goodness and as a result, schools exist to aid children in knowing themselves and their place in society.

18. THE LITERAL MEANING OF LIFE IS WHATEVER YOU’RE DOING THAT PREVENTS YOU FROM KILLING YOURSELF . - ALBERT CAMUS