EXP2- ITw.pptx Basics of connectors and cables

Basics of connectors and cables

1. COAXIAL CABLE Definition: A coaxial cable is a type of electrical cable with a central conductor surrounded by an insulating layer, a metallic shield, and an outer insulating layer. Structure: Central Conductor: Usually made of copper or aluminum, carries the electrical signal. Insulating Layer: Surrounds the central conductor, keeping it electrically isolated. Shielding: Often made of braided metal or foil, protects against external interference and signal loss. Outer Insulation: Provides additional protection and insulation. Common Uses: Television: Transmits cable TV signals. Internet: Used for broadband internet connections. Networking: Connects various components in computer networks. Satellite Systems: Carries signals between satellite dishes and receivers.

2. FIBRE OPTIC CABLE Fiber optic cable uses light to transmit data, consisting of a core, cladding, and protective layers. Structure: Core: Thin glass or plastic fiber where light travels, carries the signal. Cladding: Surrounds the core, reflects light back into the core to maintain signal strength. Buffer Coating: Provides protection to the core and cladding. Outer Jacket: Protects the cable from physical damage and environmental factors. Types: Single-mode Fiber: Transmits infrared light (wavelengths around 1310 or 1550 nm) and supports long-distance and high-speed communication. Multi-mode Fiber: Transmits infrared light (wavelengths around 850 or 1300 nm) and is used for shorter distances with lower data rates.

3. FIBRE OPTIC CABLE

4. TWISTED-PAIR CABLES Twisted-pair cables consist of pairs of insulated copper wires twisted together to reduce electromagnetic interference and crosstalk. Types: Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP): Most common type, used in standard Ethernet networks and telephone systems. Shielded Twisted Pair (STP): Includes additional shielding around the pairs to provide extra protection against interference. Structure: Pairs of Wires: Each pair is twisted together to minimize interference from external sources and from other pairs within the cable. Insulation: Each wire in the pair is coated with an insulating material. Shielding (for STP): Typically involves a foil shield around the pairs, and sometimes an outer shield.

5. TWISTED-PAIR CABLES

6. HDMI (HIGH DEFINITION MEDIA INTERFACE) HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) cable is used to transmit high-definition audio and video signals between devices. Structure: Conductors: Multiple internal conductors transmit audio, video, and control signals. Shielding: Provides protection against electromagnetic interference. Connectors: Standard HDMI connectors are typically 19-pin and come in various sizes (Standard, Mini, and Micro). Versions: HDMI 1.4: Introduced support for 4K video, 3D, and Ethernet. HDMI 2.0: Enhanced bandwidth for 4K video at 60Hz, supports up to 32 audio channels, and increased color depth. HDMI 2.1: Supports 8K video at 60Hz, 4K at 120Hz, Dynamic HDR, and Enhanced Audio Return Channel ( eARC ).

7. VGA (Video Graphics ARRay ) VGA is an analog video interface standard used to connect computers to monitors, projectors, and other display devices. Structure: Connector: Typically a 15-pin DE-15 connector (also known as HD-15) with three rows of five pins. Signal: Transmits analog video signals, including red, green, and blue (RGB) color channels and horizontal/vertical sync signals. Resolution: Standard Resolution: Originally 640x480 pixels, but modern VGA can support resolutions up to 1920x1200 pixels. Common Uses: Computers: Connects older monitors and projectors to desktop computers and laptops. Projectors: Used for connecting to presentation equipment. Legacy Systems: Still used in some older or legacy systems where analog connections are prevalent.

8. 7. Ethernet Cable The Ethernet cable is a type of computer network cable which is used for a wired network. The Ethernet cable is used to connect the switches, monitors, PCs to the LAN (Local Area Network). The length and durability of the Ethernet cable describe the quality of the connection. If the cable is too long and is not durable, it will contain a poor quality of the signal. And due to this factor, there are different types of Ethernet cables present in the market. The Ethernet cables are plugged into the Ethernet port present on the motherboard.

9. 7. USB cables The USB (Universal Serial Bus) cable is a standard cable used to connect universal devices or personal computers. It is mainly used for short-distance digital communication. The digital data can be transferred using a USB cable. Nowadays, the USB cable is used to charge devices like smartphones, Bluetooth speakers and many more. The USB cables can be used to connect two devices directly. The USB cable is connected to the USB port present in the computer system. The mouse and keyboard are also connected to a USB port as they have USB cables.