# Expense-Management-System-React-JS-Pro

# Expense-Management-System-React-JS-Project-Made-By-Krtya-Team

# Summer Internship II

# React-Expense-Management-Server

We used server-side packages are: colors, concurrently, cors, dotenv, express, mongoose, morgan, nodemon, bcrypt, cookie-parser, jsonwebtoken, nodemailer, moment...

We used client-side packages are: antd (AntDesign), axios, react, redux, react-dom, react-redux, react-router-dom, web-vitals, react-scripts, bootstrap, react-bootstrap, react-toastify, gapi-script, react-google-login, react-icons...

Happy Coding 🥳🥳🥳🥳🥳🥳...

# Made-By-Krtya-Team

# Expense-Management-System-React-JS-Project-Made-By-Krtya-Team

# Summer Internship II

# React-Expense-Management-Server
# Expense-Management-System-React-JS-Project-Made-By-Krtya-Team

# Summer Internship II

# React-Expense-Management-Server
# Expense-Management-System-React-JS-Project-Made-By-Krtya-Team

# Summer Internship II

# React-Expense-Management-Server
# Expense-Management-System-React-JS-Project-Made-By-Krtya-Team

# Summer Internship II

# React-Expense-Management-Server
# Expense-Management-System-React-JS-Project-Made-By-Krtya-Team

# Summer Internship II

# React-Expense-Management-Server
# Expense-Management-System-React-JS-Project-Made-By-Krtya-Team

# Summer Internship II

# React-Expense-Management-Server
# Expense-Management-System-React-JS-Project-Made-By-Krtya-Team

# Summer Internship II

# React-Expense-Management-Server
# Expense-Management-System-React-JS-Project-Made-By-Krtya-Team

# Summer Internship II

# React-Expense-Management-Server
# Expense-Management-System-React-JS-Project-Made-By-Krtya-Team

# Summer Internship II

# React-Expense-Management-Server
# Expense-Management-System-React-JS-Project-Made-By-Krtya-Team

# Summer Internship II

# React-Expense-Management-Server
# Expense-Management-System-React-JS-Project-Made-By-Krtya-Team

# Summer Internship II

# React-Expense-Management-Server
# Expense-Management-System-React-JS-Project-Made-By-Krtya-Team

# Summer Internship II

# React-Expense-Management-Server
# Expense-Management-System-React-JS-Project-Made-By-Krtya-Team

# Summer Internship II

# React-Expense-Management-Server
# Expense-Management-System-React-JS-Project-Made-By-Krtya-Team

# Summer Internship II

# React-Expense-Management-Server
# Expense-Management-System-React-JS-Project-Made-By-Krtya-Team

# Summer Internship II

# React-Expense-Management-Server
# Expense-Management-System-React-JS-Project-Made-By-Krtya-Team

# Summer Internship II

# React-Expense-Management-Server
# Expense-Management-System-React-JS-Project-Made-By-Krtya-Team

# Summer Internship II

# React-Expense-Management-Server
# Expense-Management-System-React-JS-Project-Made-By-Krtya-Team

# Summer Internship II

# React-Expense-Management-Server
# Expense-Management-System-React-JS-Project-Made-By-Krtya-Team

# Summer Internship II

# React-Expense-Management-Server
# Expense-Management-System-React-JS-Project-Made-By-Krtya-Team

# Summer Internship

1. IPv6 Addressing Prof. Papesh pathare

2. Ipv4

3. Address Structure An IPv6 address is made of 128 bits divided into eight 16-bits blocks. Each block is then converted into 4-digit Hexadecimal numbers separated by colon symbols. For example, given below is a 128 bit IPv6 address represented in binary format and divided into eight 16-bits blocks: 0010 0000 0000 0001 0000000000000000 0011 0010 0011 1000 1101 1111 1110 0001 0000 000001100011 0000000000000000 0000 000000000000 1111 1110 1111 1011 Each block is then converted into Hexadecimal and separated by ‘:’ symbol: 2001:0000:3238:DFE1:0063:0000:0000:FEFB

4. Rules: Even after converting into Hexadecimal format, IPv6 address remains long. IPv6 provides some rules to shorten the address. The rules are as follows: Rule.1:  Discard leading Zero( es ): In Block 5, 0063, the leading two 0s can be omitted, such as (5th block): 2001:0000:3238:DFE1:63:0000:0000:FEFB

5. Rule.2:  If two of more blocks contain consecutive zeroes, omit them all and replace with double colon sign :: , such as (6th and 7th block): 2001:0000:3238:DFE1:63::FEFB Consecutive blocks of zeroes can be replaced only once by :: so if there are still blocks of zeroes in the address, they can be shrunk down to a single zero, such as (2nd block): 2001:0:3238:DFE1:63::FEFB

6. Interface ID IPv6 has three different types of Unicast Address scheme. The second half of the address (last 64 bits) is always used for Interface ID. The MAC address of a system is composed of 48-bits and represented in Hexadecimal. MAC addresses are considered to be uniquely assigned worldwide. Interface ID takes advantage of this uniqueness of MAC addresses. A host can auto-configure its Interface ID by using IEEE’s Extended Unique Identifier (EUI-64) format. First, a host divides its own MAC address into two 24-bits halves. Then 16-bit Hex value 0xFFFE is sandwiched into those two halves of MAC address, resulting in EUI-64 Interface ID.

7. Conversion of EUI-64 ID into IPv6 Interface Identifier To convert EUI-64 ID into IPv6 Interface Identifier, the most significant 7th bit of EUI-64 ID is complemented. For example:

8. Global Unicast Address This address type is equivalent to IPv4’s public address. Global Unicast addresses in IPv6 are globally identifiable and uniquely addressable. Global Routing Prefix: The most significant 48-bits are designated as Global Routing Prefix which is assigned to specific autonomous system. The three most significant bits of Global Routing Prefix is always set to 001.

9. The prefix of  IPv6 Global Unicast Address  is  2000::/3 . Its high level 3 bits are fixed as  001 . This means that, a IPv6 Global Unicast Address can start with hex digit  2  or  3  according to the value of the fourth bit. 0010.. ( 2000::/3 ) 0011.. ( 3000::/3 )  

10. Link-Local Address IPv6 Link-Local Address  is the  local address  assigned only in a single subnet. They are automatically assigned to the interfaces.  IPv6 Link-Local Addresses  are only used on the  same link . These addresses are not routable on Internet. They are only used for  neighbor discovery  and  next hop configuration . The prefix of  IPv6 Link-Local Address  is  FE80::/10 . Its high level 10 bits are fixed as  1111 1110 10 . The remaining  54 bits  of network part is full of  0s .

11. Unique-Local Address IPv6 Unique Local Addresses  are like  IPv4 Private addresses . They are used on  local networks . They are not routable addresses on Interent . But with IPv6 NAT you can use Unique Local IPv6 Address on Internet. The prefix of  IPv6 Unique Local Address  is  FC00::/7 . Its high level 7 bits are fixed as  1111 110 . This means that, a  IPv6 Unique Local Address  can start with hex digit  FC  or  FD  according to the value of the eight,  L  bit. FC00::/7 ->  L=  Reserved FD00::/7 ->  L= 1  Locally assigned

12. Anycast Addresses IPv6 Anycast addresses  are new address type in IPv6 world. This address is assigned to a set of interfaces that typically belong to the different nodes. Then, when a packet is sent to the anycast address, the packet is delivered to the  closest node . There is  no specific IP range  for IPv6  Anycast Addresses . The only fixed part is on host part of the address. The host ID part of  IPv6 Anycast Addresses  is full of  0s .

13. IPv6 Multicast Addresses Like IPv4, there are also multicast addresses in IPv6. As you know, a multicast address represents a group of interfaces or devices. When a traffic sent to an  IPv6 Multicast Address , multiple devices and interfaces in the same group receive the same traffic. The prefix of  IPv6 Multicast Address  is  FF00::./8 .Here, the first octet is full of  1s as 1111 1111 . And the second octet consists of  flags  and  scope  values. It determines lifetime and scope of IPv6 Multicast Address. If the  lifetime  is  “0”  then the multicast address is  permanent , if it is “ 1 ”, then the multicast address is  temporary . The scope part indicates that if the multicast address is in which  scope, a node, a link, a site  or an  organization .

14. Scope of IPv6 Unicast Addresses:

15. Special IPv6 Addresses 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0/0 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0/128 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1/128   0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0/0  : The abbreviation of this address is  ::/0 . It is used to while defining a  Default Route . The IPv4 equivalent of this special address is  0.0.0.0 . 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0/128  : The abbreviation of this address is  ::/128 . It is named as  Unspecified Address. And it is assigned to a host when it resolves its IPv6 link local address. 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1/128 : The abbreviation of this address is  ::1/128 . It is the  Loopback Address of local host.  The IPv4 equivalent of this special address is  127.0.0.1.

16. Key benefits to IPv6 include: No more NAT (Network Address Translation) Auto-configuration No more private address collisions Better multicast routing Simpler header format Simplified, more efficient routing True quality of service ( QoS ), also called "flow labeling " Built-in authentication and privacy support Flexible options and extensions Easier administration (no more DHCP)