EXPLOITATION OF NATURAL AND ENERGY SOURCE

THIS TOPIC DEALS WITH THE HOW THE PEOPLE OVERLY USE THE NATURAL RESOURCE AND ENERGY SOURCE

1. EXPLOITATION OF NATURAL AND ENERGY SOURCE BY: V.VIJAYAKUMAR IV - EEE ADHIPARASAKTHI ENGINEERING COLLEGE MELMARUVATHUR

2. INTRODUCTION : The exploitation of natural and energy resources started to emerge in the 19th century as natural resource extraction developed. During the 20th century, energy consumption rapidly increased. Today, about 80% of the world’s energy consumption is sustained by the extraction of fossil fuels, which consists of oil, coal and gas.  Another non-renewable resource that is exploited by humans are Sub soil minerals such as precious metals that are mainly used in the production of industrial commodities.

3. NATURAL RESOURCES: Natural resource are the resource available in the nature like air ,water sunlight ,soil,minearls,forest wild life etc., natural resource are of two main types renewable and non renewable natural resources RENEWABLE ENERGY : Those resources which can be replenished in short period of time like air, water ,sunlight, forest etc., NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY : Those resources which can not be replenished in the short period of time like minerals (coal,petroleum,natural gas, metals etc.,)because they take millions of years to be formed.

4. SOME OF THE PROBLEMS ARISING FROM THE EXPLOITATION OF NATURAL AND ENERGY RESOURCES: 1.Depletion of fossil fuels 2.Deforestation 3.Green house gas increase 4.Water pollution 5.Soil erosion

5. DEPLETION OF FOSSIL FUEL : Industrial revolution increased energy demands. Consumption of fossil fuels increased. Rate of fossil fuels consumption larger than rate of formation of fossil fuels. Depletion of fossil fuels reserve: problem for future generation.

6. DEFORESTATION: Trees are cut down. Sold as fuel or timber. Land is used for settlements, cultivation, etc. Construction of dams for irrigation facility. Resulting in damage to habitat, biodiversity loss and aridity.

7. GREEN HOUSE GAS INCREASE Industrial revolution increased carbon dioxide emission rapidly. Combustion of fossil fuels. Combustion of wood. Emissions from automobiles. Resulting in global warming

8. WATER POLLUTION: Industries are situated beside water bodies. Pollutants are discharged into water bodies. Water pollution occurs. Affects aquatic plants and organisms. Resulting in deathly effect to the whole natural biological communities.

9. SOIL EROSION : Soil erosion is occurs naturally. Soil erosion increased by 10-40%. Deforestation, Construction of roads, urbanization, etc are main causes. Resulting in land degradation, sedimentations of aquatic ecosystems, etc.

10. CASE STUDY: THE LEATHER INDUSTRY IN TAMIL NADU : Over the years the groundwater in the areas where the tanneries are located, has become intolerably polluted . The industry is highly water-intensive. Each tonne of hide/skin tanned requires over 40,000 liters of water . Hence even a small tannery with a capacity to process 3 to 4 tonnes a day uses up well over 100,000 liters of water a day—the daily household requirement of at least 2,500 people . The pollution control authorities have been following their routine procedures in bringing the pollution from the tanneries under control.

11. The Issue of Water The availability of water has become another worry for the industry. Earlier, the River Palar in North Arcot provided enough water for the process . Failing this, the plentiful availability of groundwater had been sufficient to meet their needs. Now, over the years, the surface water sources have dried up. The increasing population competes with the growing industry for this scarce resource. The groundwater table in most places has been going down with overexploitation. The available groundwater is polluted with effluents and highly saline.

12. The Present Approach The pollution control authorities, as well as a number of research institutions such as the Central Leather Research Institute in Chennai, have been working to develop systems and processes to help the industry to conform to the law . The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) also has a special program for working on issues concerning the pollution from tanning. As most of the tanneries are in the small-scale sector and cannot afford expensive treatment systems on their own, Central Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) are being established under the aegis of the local industry association. Although this is helping to some extent . T he water after treatment is still not fit for re-use by the industry because by the population

13. The P resent Approach One major problem continues to be the high salinity of the water. In addition, there is no answer as of now to the huge quantity of solid waste generated from water treatment (the quantity is estimated at 150 kilograms per tonne of hide tanned). Since the solid waste is carelessly disposed of, it finds its way into the groundwater during the seasonal rains.

14. A Direction to a Solution: One of the possible approaches that emerged was that the industry could draw seawater, as the state of Tamil Nadu has a long coastline. The current process parameters do not permit the use of seawater. This could be a possible direction to research for the industry . If this is not feasible, then the industry would have to desalinate the sea water for its use and internalize the cost of desalination. Desalination of seawater is an expensive and energy intensive process.

15. The cost of energy has to be minimized. One possibility is the use of the waste heat from a power plant. Many new thermal power plants are being planned in the state and it may be possible to use waste heat from one of the plants to desalinate water.

16. SOLUTION FOR THE CASE STUDY: Relocate all the tanneries along the coast Set up power plant close to the tannery cluster Use the waste heat from the power plant desalinate water Set up central treatment system for the waste water from the tanneries Reuse the waste water in the power plant Incinerate the solid waste in the power plant

17. SEA WATER WATER/SALT TREATED WATER SOILD WASTE TREATED UNUSEABLE WATER TO SEA POWER PLANT /DESALINATION PLANT TANNERIES CETP

18. HOW TO HANDLE THIS PROBLEM : The three R’s to save the environment : REDUCE: which means using less of natural resource and avoiding wastage of natural resources RECYCLE: which means the materials like paper,plastic,glass,metals and they are used for making things can again be used for making new things insteated of synthesizing or extracting new paper ,plastic, glass etc., REUSE: which using things again like plastic bottles in which we buy jams,pickels etc., can be again used for storing things in the kitchen

19. CONCLUSION : The natural and energy resources should be used wisely, judiciously, preciously and in such a manner that they are present for future generations to come i.e., sustainable management.

20. THANK YOU