Exploring the Internet of Things: Applications and Challenges

The slides give a brief overview of the Internet of Things (IoT), its uses in various industries, common platforms, real-world applications, and main challenges like security and scalability.

1. Internet of Things Student : Seymour Zeynalli Specialty : Computer Engineering Group: 652.21E Subject: Technical English Lecturer: Sevinj Mustafayeva

2. Understanding IoT IoT in different industries TABLE OF CONTENTS 01 03 02 04 Overview of IoT devices IoT platforms and usages 05 Challenges of IoT 06 Conclusion

3. What is Internet of Things (IoT) In simple terms, IoT is a system of connected devices and a network of physical objects or “things” Internet : Connection Things : Embedded systems, sensors and so many This technology allows creating opportunities for more efficient and automated systems. It has the skill to transfer the data over a network requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. IoT-based technology offers advanced level of services and literally changes the way how people all over the world lead their daily lives.

4. How does IoT work? The data needs to be sent to cloud to be analyzed. IoT devices or sensors collect data from environment. To ensure security, protocols such as Sig Fox, LoRa and ZigBee are used The data is transmitted to the cloud through Gateways. Once the data gets to the cloud, IoT platform processes it. This processing is like checking. The processed(checked) data is made useful to the end-user by sending emails or notifications. To utilize the data colleted over the time, data analytics uses historical data. By analyzing the data, we can predict the possible future malfunctions of a machine

5. Advantages of IoT Industry/ environment 1 Shorter feedback 2 Package optimization 3 Connectivity 4 Data collection 5 Security 6 Real-time Search 6

6. Memorable IoT 1982 Vending machine Toaster LG Smart Fridge Smart Watch 1990 2000 2004 2007 Smart iPhone Car Testing Google Lens Tesla autopilot 2009 2013 2015

7. IoT devices IoT devices connect wirelessly to a network with each other and able to transfer the data. IoT devices are enlarging the internet connectivity beyond standard devices such as smartphones, laptops, tablets, and desktops.  Devices Embedded System Based Wearable Arduino Intel Galileo Raspberry-Pi Cubie board Tesla Vehicles Amazon Echo (Alexa) Google Glass Samsung Gear Fit bit (fitness) Pebble watch Android wear Go Pro Embedded systems refer to specialized computing systems designed to perform specific tasks or functions with larger systems. They are integrated into devices. These systems consist of both hardware and software Wearable devices are electronic gadgets or accessories that can be worn on the body, often equipped with sensors and wireless connection. These devices are designed to collected data and provide information to users

8. Arduino – is microcontroller that can control objects in physical and digital world which is furnished with digital/analog input/aoutput pins Samsung Gear Fit – is a dustproof water-resistant with long-lasting battery. Receives alerts about email/text-messages Sensors – devices that convert physical parameters such as temperature,motion,pressure and etc. Into electrical signals BLE Intelligent Beacon – A Bluetooth low energy device is used to track objects located at a real time. Companies use it for location of employees, assets, patients and more in a real time.

9. IoT in Healthcare In healthcare, IoT enables remote patient monitoring, telemedicine and personalized treatment. Connected medical and wearable devices provide real-time health data , improving patient outcomes and care delivery. Helps You Keep a Track on Patients Makes Insurance Claims Transparent Helps in Medical Researches. Health Data Access – patients can access their health data. Remote consultations – it reduces the need for in-person visits, cuttin down on travel costs. ECG monitor – management of heart health Blood pressure monitor – management of blood pressure X-ray machine – produce cross-sectional images of body and transmits them to hospital network Examination Kit – allows remote medical exams, ear exams and etc.

10. IoT in Agriculture In healthcare, IoT enables remote patient monitoring, telemedicine and personalized treatment. Connected medical and wearable devices provide real-time health data , improving patient outcomes and care delivery. Smart Farming Climate monitroring and forecasting Precision Agriculture Stats on Livestock Feeding Drones and robotics to view the area Environmental Monitoring. Weather station – collects data on temperature, humidity, wind speed and rainfall. Crop monitoring cameras – cameras or imaging devices that capture plant growth , detect diseases.

11. IoT in Transport Transportation is the backbone of any industry. So İoT in transportation is not only for traveling from one place to another, but also it makes safer, greener and more convenient. Let’s imagine a vehicle is connected with wireless standards to the internet such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, 3G, 4G, intelligent traffic system, and even to other vehices Sensors built inside or outside a vehicle continuously monitor object at all side to avoid the collision. It doesn’t mean only the vehicle, but it extends beyond the car to communicate other, enabling automate real-time For example, this monitor camera identifies the accident or traffic conjunction and send an alert message to the nearest traffic control room and send traffic conjunction information to other near vehicles to divert their route 2. Traffic Monitoring and Avoid Collision

12. IoT platforms IoT platform is an integrated service that collects data gathered by users, provides security, handles protocols and connects sensors and devices. Connectivity Device Management Application Enablement Analytics It is used to manage connectivity between devices and: Communication protocols ( that connect Wifi, Bluetooth) Data routing Reliable connections around networks Example : Wifi router, thermostats It provides tools for large organizations troubleshoot devices and: Device provisioning Device configuration Over-the-air Software updates Diagnostics Real-time device tracking Example : GPS Fleet Management Tracker It creates and deploys applications that hold IoT data. Both for smart home devices and industrial control systems Quick development of secure applications (for instance Google Cloud) Example: Mobile Apps It helps organizations to gain insight into the generated data. In-depth analysis Unlock full potential of IoT data Example: Weather station Types of IoT platforms

13. Microsoft Azure IoT Built by Microsoft in 2014-2016. It offers strong security mechanism and easy integration with systems. Some features provided by this platform: Information Monitoring - Collects and analyzes real-time device data using a pre-configured remote monitoring system. A rules engine Device shadowing Identity Registry U ses Microsoft Visual Studio SDK Price impact : $10 for 400 thousand messages/day per IoT hub unit. Standard tier starts with $25 with an additional free plan of 8 thousand messages.

14. Google Cloud IoT Ultra high speeding of devices Secure device registration Cloud machine-learning engine Cloud publisher-subscriber Integration with BigQuery and DataFlow Price impact: From $0.0045 for 250 Mb to 250 Gb of stored data. A free plan is available for the first 250 Mb. Device health monitoring Built by Google in 2017. It provides a solution for IoT applications. It handles a large amount of data by connecting various devices. Some features provided by this platform:

15. IBM Watson IoT Real-time data exchange Device management AI and Machine Learning integration Data analytics and ingestion Data sensor and weather data services. Edge computing (it means at the edge – close) Support and consulting services. Price impact : $500 per month for a complete IoT platform ready to use with 1,000 sensor devices included. Built and launched by IBM in 2015. It enables the developers to deploy the application and building IoT solutions quickly. Platfrom provides some services:

16. Deployment challange Chall e nges in IoT IoT devices often gather sensitive data, making them vulnerable to cyber threats. Additionally, maintaining user privacy while collecting, storing, and processing data presents a significant challenge. Design challenges in IoT revolve around creating efficient, interconnected devices that seamlessly collect, process, and transmit data while addressing constraints like power efficiency, interoperability, and security. Balancing these aspects requires designing hardware and software Deploying IoT involves setting up many devices to work together, which can be tricky. Challenges include making different devices talk to each other, ensuring they work in various places, and handling lots of data properly. Security Challange Design Challange

17. Design Challenges Lack of encryption Insufficient testing and updating IoT malware and ransomware Unsecured data transmission Privacy concerns Insider threats Risk default passwords Lack of standardtization Vulnerability to network attacks Security Challenges Security (Device security, Network security, Data security) Scalability ( Data management, Network Capacity, Device Management) Power consumption ( Battery life, Energy efficiency, Power management) Reliability (Device failure, Network connectivity, Data accuracy Privacy ( Data collection, storage and sharing) Deploy Challenges Connectivity Cross platform capability Data collection and processing Lack of skill set Integration Network infastructure Security Cost Data and Device management

18. We have gone through a simplified explanation about what is Internet of Things. As a result, IoT has just made our world a futuristic fantasy on our everyday reality, and it presents endless opportunities to create a more connected and efficient world. Thanks to the IoT enabled data, machines and applications now have the ability to adapt new circumstances. One of the knowns IoT motto or vision is : Conclusion Anytime, anyplace, anything in connectivity

19. Thanks for listening!