External parts of a stem

1. EXTERNAL PARTS OF A STEM Report of : JOCELYN PARBA TABELON

2. Stem Function Support of main body of plant & leaves. Conduct water & food. Photosynthesis in new green stems.

3. Parts and its functions BUD - A stem's primary growing point.  Buds can be either leaf buds (vegetative) or flower buds (reproductive).  These buds can be very similar in appearance, but flower buds tend to be plumper than leaf buds.

4. NAKED BUD –Bud without a protective bud scale; characteristic of the Viburnum family. BUD SCALE - A modified leaf protecting and covering a bud.

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6. LEAF SCAR - Mark left on stem where leaf was attached.  Often used in woody plant identification: Heart -shaped scar on twig where last years leaf grew. NODE - Segment of stem where leaves and lateral buds are attached: Growth region on stem. Region around bud or leaf stem

7. BUNDLE SCAR - Marks left in the leaf scar from the vascular tissue attachment.  Used in woody plant identification; Tiny bumps in leaf scar where veins enter the leaf from the stem TERMINAL BUD - B ud on end of a branch, where all of next years length (of branch) is added .; LATERAL BUD - Small buds along length of branch that develop into leaves, lateral branches, or flowers.

8. APICAL DOMINANCE - The terminal bud dominates all other lateral buds by giving off hormones. If the terminal bud is cut off, the lateral buds will grow longer. GIRDLING - Cutting of bark around tree into cambium layer kills tree (no sap to roots!).

9. LENTICEL - Pores that allow for gas exchange NODE - Segment of stem where leaves and lateral buds are attached INTERNODE - Section of a stem between two nodes

10. BARK - Protective outer tissue that develops with age.  Used in woody plant identification. TERMINAL BUD SCALE SCARS or ANNUAL GROWTH RINGS - Marks left on stem from the terminal bud scales in previous years.  Terminal bud scale scars are an external measure of annual growth.  Therefore, they are important in assessing plant vigor .

11. Thank you for listening!!!