Eyewitness Testimony is useful or fake.pptx

how accurate eye witness testimonies are.

1. Eyewitness Testimony HUL261-Tutorial

2. Class Norms

3. Have you ever witnessed an event (e.g., a car accident, a fight, or a theft)? How confident are you in remembering its details?

4. Try and draw the picture of a 10 rupee note

5. How well did you do?

6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_QbTX2qS10&t=3s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZhcp6dOKds&t=4s Eyewitness Testimony Eyewitness testimony is a legal term. It refers to an account given by people of an event they have witnessed. 

7. Relevance in Psychological research? Most persuasive + Dubious accuracy = Wrongful convictions More than 356 people have been exonerated by DNA testing who were wrongly convicted in USA, out of which more than 72% were due to eyewitness misidentification (The innocence project, 2018)

8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RerSlmk_MlY Car Crash Study

9. Aim: To investigate the effect of language used in eyewitness testimony on accuracy of recall. Procedure: Participants- 45 students / 5 Groups Films of different traffic accidents were shown. Eyewitness testimony Question: About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other ? (Control group) For other four groups, the question was framed using the verbs- smashed, collided, bumped or contacted (instead of hit). Which verb do you think elicited the highest estimated speed? Why? Loftus & Palmer (1974)

10. Results

11. Key psychological processes involved Attention Perception (Constructed?) Memory

12. Factors affecting Eyewitness testimony Conditions under which the crime occurred Age Stress and anxiety experienced by the witness Leading Questions Post event discussion and Misinformation effect

13. ACTIVITY Objective: Critically analyze the reliability of eyewitness testimony. Activity: Divide the class into two teams: one arguing for eyewitness testimony as reliable evidence, the other arguing against it.

14. RECOMMENDATIONS

15. Advise law enforcement personnel to interview witnesses as soon as possible after a crime has been committed and record it on video. Ensure that police put in writing why a suspect is believed to be guilty of a specific crime before placing him or her in a lineup. Use a lineup with several people instead of what is known as a showup only featuring a single suspect. Avoid repetition of a lineup with the same suspect and same eyewitness. Record the entire process on video, from the instructions given to the witness before the lineup to the confidence statement from the witness after the lineup is complete. 

16. Test a Witness’s Memory of a Suspect Only Once Eyewitness misidentifications often occur with high confidence in court. However, many witnesses initially identified the suspect with low confidence or failed to identify them at all during early police investigations. Repeated identification procedures create a stronger memory trace of the suspect’s face, even if they are innocent . This effect, known as memory contamination , alters memory over time. Final courtroom identifications can be influenced by prior police lineups, making them unreliable. To prevent wrongful convictions, experts recommend avoiding repeated identification procedures with the same witness and suspect.

17. Full Article Link https://www.psychologicalscience.org/publications/journals/test-a-witness-memory-only-once.html

18. Watch on your own: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PB2OegI6wvI