Factors that influence curriculum change and innovation.pptx

Factors that influence curriculum change and innovation.

1. CURRICULUM The term curriculum refers to the lessons and academic content taught in a school or in a specific course or program. In dictionaries, curriculum is often defined as the courses offered by a school, but it is rarely used in such a general sense in schools.

2. Depending on how broadly educators define or employ the term, curriculum typically refers to the knowledge and skills students are expected to learn, which includes the learning standards or learning objectives they are expected to meet. The units and lessons that teachers teach; the assignments and projects given to students; the books, materials, videos, presentations, and readings used in a course; and the tests, assessments , and other methods used to evaluate student learning.

3. An individual teacher’s curriculum, for example, would be the specific learning standards, lessons, assignments, and materials used to organize and teach a particular course. In many cases, teachers develop their own curricula, often refining and improving them over years, although it is also common for teachers to adapt lessons and syllabi created by other teachers, use curriculum templates and guides to structure their lessons and courses, or purchase prepackaged curricula from individuals and companies.

4. In some cases, schools purchase comprehensive, multigrade curriculum packages - often in a particular subject area, such as mathematics - that teachers are required to use or follow. Curriculum may also encompass a school’s academic requirements for graduation, such as the courses students have to take and pass, the number of credits students must complete, and other requirements.

5. Factors that influence Curriculum Development

6. Several factors affect all curriculum development in meeting the needs of 21st century learners in both organized academic settings and corporation learning centers. Factors affecting curriculum development include government rules, which in turn brings other factors into the process. Valid curriculum development requires awareness of the diversity of the target community socially, financially and psychologically. Political Social E c on o mic Technological Environmental Child Psychology

7. 1. Political factor Politics affect curriculum development in numerous ways. How politics influences curriculum design and development starts with funding. Both private and public educational institutions rely on funding for hiring personnel, building and maintaining facilities and equipment. All aspects of curriculum depend on local, state and national political standards. Example Politics affects curriculum development from defining goals, interpreting curricular materials to approving examination systems,

8. 2. Social factor Society has its own expectations about the aims and objectives that should be considered when designing the curriculum. It also has a perception of what the product of the school system should look like. It is therefore necessary for to take in to account these societal cu r r i culum designe r s considerations. Example Subj e cts w hich has gender education and political e c on o m y h a v e p r o v ed di f ficul t t o include i n the curr i culum because of the resistance from some religious groups.

9. 3. Economic factor Economics influences curriculum development. Curriculum developed for in house training in corporations focuses on educating employees for promotions that bring better returns in profits. Nations financing education expect an economic return from educated students contributing to the country's economy with global competition abilities in technical fields Example Nations financing education expect an economic return from educated students contributing to the country's economy with global competition abilities in technical fields

10. 4. Technological Technology driven curriculum development is the norm of the 21st century. The computer technology of the 21st century influences curriculum development at every level of learning. Learning centers and classrooms increasingly provide computers as requisite interaction for studies among students. Technological multimedia use influences educational goals and learning experiences among students.

11. Example Undergraduate and graduate degrees in computer technology increases in popularity. Diversity Curriculum development affect from diversity opens learning opportunities. Social diversity including religion, culture and social groupings affects curriculum development because these characteristics influence the types of topics and methods for teaching information. Developing relevant curriculum takes into account society's expectations, accommodating group traditions and promoting equality.

12. 5. Environment Environment issues affect curriculum development. World awareness and action toward reversing and ending pollution continues affecting curriculum development. Typical elementary classrooms teach recycling and healthy environmental practices. Example: Higher education in the sciences offer environmentally- focused degrees. e.g Environmental degree ,bio-technology etc.

13. 6. Child psychology Many students with a masters or PhD degree in developmental psychology work in educational settings as school psychologists, which makes sense when considering the emphasis placed on the formative years. However, there are several developmental psychology concentrations available on which students can focus: Developmental Studies for Educators Aging Infancy, Childhood or Adolescence Lifespan Development Biological Bases of Development

14. Example: The developmental psychology curriculum examines the changes in personality, cognitive ability and behavior throughout the lifespan. Therefore, in addition to preparing themselves for a rewarding career, students enrolled in developmental psychology curricula will also learn and understand more about themselves as they study the scientific conclusions made by experts in the field.