Fallot tetralogy and Ventricular septal defect - EMBRYOLOGY

TETRALOGY OF FALLOT- CAUSES, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, CLINICAL FEATURES
VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT- EMBRYOLOGICAL BASIS
HEART EMBRYOLOGY
For medical students

1. FALLOT TETRALOGY
EMBRYOLOGY

2. TOF isa congenital heart disease.
Components
•Pulmonary stenosis
•Right ventricular hypertrophy
•Ventricular septal defect
•Overriding of aorta

4. uIt is most
common
congenital
cyanotic heart
disease.
uCause is mostly
unknown
uAssociates with
maternal
phenylketonuria

5. DIAGNOSIS
uEchocardiography
uX-Ray chest: Coeur en
sabot (boot-like)
appearance of a heart

6. Pathophysiology
Pulmonary
stenosis
RVH without
cardiac
enlargement
Increase in
right
ventricular
pressure
blood shunts
from RV to LV
through VSD
Ejection of
mixed blood to
aorta
cyanosis
overriding
of aorta

7. Blue baby: Cyanotic lips and nail bed
Easy fatigability
Tell-spells: Acute hypoxic spells characterised by
shortness of breath, cyanosis, agitation and loss of consciousness
syncope

8. VSD
uMost common
congenital
anomaly of heart
uVSDs more
common in males
than in females
uCommonly involves
the membranous
part of inter
ventricular septum

9. Embryologicalbasis OF VSD
FAILURE OF FUSION OF RIGHT AND LEFT
BULBAR RIDGES WITH AV CUSHIONS
COMMUNICATION BETWEEN
VENTRICLES
SHUNTING OF BLOOD FROM LV TO RV

10. THANK YOU