FAMILY APIACEAE

Characters of Apiaceae:
Stem fistular, leaves alternate, much dissected mostly decompound, sheathing leaf base; inflorescence umbel or compound umbel occasionally simple; flowers epigynous, pentamerous, regular rarely zygomorphic, hermaphrodite; calyx superior, pentafid or 0; corolla five, polypetalous, often inflexed; stamens 5; carpels 2; syncarpous, bicarpellary with 2 pendulous ovules; honey-disc surrounding the stigmas – stylopodium is present; fruit cremocarp; seeds endospermic and oily.

A. Vegetative characters:
Habit:
Plants are mostly herbs which may be annual, biennial or perennial, the herbs may be large (Bupleurum, Heracleum, Agelica) rarely shrubs with aromatic odour due to the presence of oil ducts. Pseudocarum climbs by means of its petioles which are very sensitive to contact.

1. FAMILY:
APIACEAE
ADITYA ARYA
B.SC.B.ED (CBZ)

2. CLASSIFICATION
2

3. ‘’
▣The family is commonly called carrot
family/parsley family.
▣It was also named as Umbelliferae.
▣It includes 295 genera and 2,850 species
according to Willis.
▣In India the family is represented by 180
species and 30 genera.
▣The plants are distributed almost throughout
the world except the arctic regions.
▣The chief centresof the distribution are north
temperate and sub-tropical regions
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4. VEGETATIVE CHARACTERSTICS
Habit:
Majority of the plants are annual,
biennial or perennial herbs.
Sometimes shrubs and
undershrub’s are also found.
Bupleurumfalcatumis an
undershrub and Pseudocarumis
a climbing plant.
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5. VEGETATIVE CHARACTERSTICS
Root:
Tap, branched
sometimes swollen
for the storage of
food material e.g.,
Carrot
(Daucuscarota).
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6. VEGETATIVE CHARACTERSTICS
Stem:
Erect or prostrate;
climbing in
Pseudocarum; swollen
nodes, sometimes
ridged, usually fistular,
glaucous or glabrous.
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7. VEGETATIVE CHARACTERSTICS
Leaves:
❑Leaves are alternate,
exstipulate, pinnately
compound or palmately
lobed with reticulate
venation.
❑Leaf petiole is broadened
with sheath surrounding
stem or base of leaf.
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8. Floral Characterstics:
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Inflorescence:
❑Inflorescence is the characteristic feature of this
family.
❑The flowering head is usually a simple or
compound ‘umbel’, but it can be reduced to a
single flower in some species.
❑This flat-topped umbel resembles a flattened
umbrella structure and thus the alternate name
for this family is Umbelliferae.
❑The primary umbel is surrounded by an
involucre of bracts and secondary umbel is
subtended by an involucre of bractlets.
UMBEL

9. Floral Characterstics:
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Flower:
❖Flowers are small,
bracteate/ebracteate, pedicillateor
sessile, complete, regular,
pentamerous, actinomorphic or
zygomorphic, epigynous, cyclic
usually bisexual and rarely
unisexual.
❖Flowers are arranged in umbels or
double umbels, Flowers are many,
small, white or yellow in color.

10. Floral Characterstics:
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Calyx:
Sepals 5, gamosepalous, small
teeth or scales or absent
(Foeniculum), adnate to the ovary,
valvate aestivation, green.

11. 11

12. Floral Characterstics:
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Corolla:
➢It consists of five petals, polypetalous,
i.e., the petals are free.
➢They are usually white or yellow in
colour.
➢The petals vary in size. In many cases
two of the petals being larger than the
other three.
➢The tips of the petals are usually
reflexed. Sometimes the petals are
bifid, e.g., Coriandrumsativum.
➢The aestivation is either valvate or
imbricate.

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14. Floral Characterstics:
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Androecium:
Stamens 5, polyandrous,
inserted under the disc,
anthers dithecous, versatile,
introrse, filament long, equal
in length, bent in the bud but
ultimately spreading out.

15. Floral Characterstics:
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Gynoecium:
➢The Gynoecium is bicarpellary and
syncarpous with an inferior bilocular
ovary.
➢Each carpel has a single pendulous and
anatropus ovule.
➢The placentation is axile.
➢An epigynous disc called as
stylopodium, is present on the top of
the ovary.
➢Stylopodium surrounds the two styles.
➢Stigmas are capitates and distinct.
➢The carpels are ribbed and have parallel
resinous canals called vittae.

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17. Floral Characterstics:
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Fruit:
Schizocarpic cremocarpwhich
splits into two one seeded
mericarps, which rejnain
attached to a slender often
forked axis –the carpophore;
mericarps are longitudinally
ridged, in between the ridges
are the farrows having oil
ducts or vittae.

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19. Floral Characterstics:
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Seed:
Endospermic, embryo small.

20. Floral Characterstics:
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Pollination:
Entomophilous due to
nectar, scent and
protandrous nature of
flowers.

21. Floral Characterstics:
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22. “
Type species:
Coriandrumsativum
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23. CLASSIFICATION:
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Kingdom:Plantae
Division:Magnoliophyta
Class:Magnoliopsida
Subclass:Rosidae
Order:Apiales
Family:Apiaceae
Genus:Coriandrum
Species:Coriandrumsativum

24. VEGETATIVE
CHARACTERSTICS:
3

25. Habit:
◍An annual cultivated herb.
Root:
◍Tap and branched.
Stem:
◍Erect, herbaceous, green, solid,
branched, cylindrical, aromatic, ribbed,
glabrous, nodes, slightly swollen.
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Common Name:
Dhaniya

26. Leaf:
◍Decompound, much branched when old,
cauline, petiolate, base slightly
sheathing, unicostate reticulate
venation.
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27. FLORAL
CHARACTERSTICS:
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28. Inflorescence:
◍Compound umbel with involucre of
bracts and involucel.
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29. Flower:
◍Pedicellate, bracteate, hermaphrodite,
complete, epigynous, the outer flowers
of the inflorescence are zygomorphic,
i.e., with large and unequal petals,
whereas the central flowers are
actinomorphic with equal and small
petals.
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30. Calyx:
◍5 sepals, gamosepalous, green, acute,
valvate aestivation, superior, calyx tube
adnate to the ovary wall.
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31. Corolla :
◍5 petals, polypetalous, in peripheral
flowers two posteiorpetals bilobed and
smallest, one anterior deeply bilobed
and largest two lateral large, bilobed,
one lobe very small and the other large,
◍zygomorphic,
◍imbricate aestivation,
◍purplish white; the petals of central
flowers are small and equal in size, each
petal consists of two equal lobes.
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32. Corolla :
◍imbricate aestivation,
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33. Androecium:
◍5 stamens polyandrous, alternating with
petals, filaments long, anthers
dorsifixed, introrseand yellow.
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34. Gynoecium:
◍2 carpels, bicarpellary, syncarpous,
ovary inferior,
◍bilocular, one ovule in each loculus,
◍axile placentation,
◍epigynous disc present at the top of
ovary prolonged in two short styles,
vittae present in ovary wall.
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35. Fruit:
◍Cremocarp.
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36. FLORAL FORMULA
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37. FLORAL DIAGRAM
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38. 17
1.Food:This family has many vegetables like carrot, parsely, parsnip and
sowa.
2.Fodder:Several members of this family are important as forage plants
for cattle and horses. Some of these plants are carrot, wild parsely, cow-
parnip, angelicas etcs.
3.Codiments:Many members of this family are used as condiments. For
example,
Fercula(Hing),Carum(Ajwan),Cuminum(Zira),Foeniculum(Saunf)
,coriandrum(Dhania)and peucedanum(Sowa). Volatile oils, resins etc
are produced in the bark, leaves, and fruits give the plant their fragrance.

39. 4.Medicinal:This family has many medicinal plants. For example,
Ligusticum(Lovage) Trachyspermumammi
(Ajwain),Ferula(Hing),Foeniculum(Saunf),Anethum(Dill or Sowa)are
used in many drugs for digestive disorders..Hingis obtained from resinous gum
produced from the roots of Ferulaasafetida in Afghanistan and Iran. Centellaor
Hydrocotyle(Brahmin booti) is useful for brain work.
5.Poisons:Several members of this family give acrid watery juice. It has narcotic
effects in animals. Among these, the most important is conium (Hemlock). Every
part of this plant especially fresh leaves and fruits contain a volatile oily alkali
calledconine.It is much poisonous. Its few drops can kill some small animals. It
acts on nervous system. Therefore, its small doze is effective for cancerous and
nervous disorders.

40. 6.Oil: Oil is obtained from coriander (Dhania) and
Centella(Brahmi). These are used as hair oil.
7.Ornamental plants:Several plants are cultivated
domestically as ornamental plants like blue lac flower
or didicans(Trachymene), Angeica(Angelica), sea
holly (Eryngium)and cow parsnip (Heraclaeum).

41. THANK YOU !
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