Family planning

This presentation include a short description about the importance of family planning, various methods such as biological, mechanical, chemical and biological methods that are adopted in family planning and role of pharmacist in family planning etc.methods include mainly usage of pills, condoms, abstinance, withdrawal, IUDs, and terminational methods such as vasectomy and tubectomy

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2. FAMILY PLANNING Family planning refers to practices that help individuals or couples to attain certain objectives; To avoid unwanted births. To bring about wanted births. To regulate the intervals between pregnancies. To control the time at which births occur in relation to the ages of the parent. To determine the number of children in the family. 2

3. SCOPE OF FAMILY PLANNING Proper spacing and limitation of births. Advice on sterility. Education for parenthood. Sex education. Screening for pathological conditions related to the reproductive system. Genetic counselling . 3

4. Premarital consultation and examination. Carrying out pregnancy test. Marriage counselling . The preparation of couples for the arrival of their first child. Providing services to unmarried mothers. Teaching home economics and nutrition. Providing adoption services. 4

5. CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS Behavioral methods Natural methods Chemical methods Mechanical methods Hormonal contraceptive s 5

6. BEHAVIOURAL METHODS ABSTINENCE Couples avoid or abstain from coitus from day 10 to 17 of the menstrual cycle when ovulation could be expected. WITHDRAWL OR COITUS INTERRUPTUS Male partner withdraws his penis from the vagina just before ejaculation so as to avoid insemination. 6

7. NATURAL METHODS BASAL BODY TEMPERATURE METHOD The basal body temp shows a rise of 0.3-0.5 C at the time of ovulation due to increased production of progesteron . Restricted to the post ovulatory infertile periods(3 days after ovulatory temp rise-beginning of menstrual cycle). 7

8. CERVICAL MUCUS METHOD As ovulation starts cervical mucus become watery ;after ovulation it thickens and lessens in quantity. Women should assess the characteristic of the mucus. 8

9. CHEMICAL METHOD Spermicids are used which on contact inhibit oxygen uptake and kill male sperms. FOAM TABLET Foam tablet is inserted by the women into her birth canal. A foam is produced which provides a protective coating to the whole area and kills the sperm . 9

10. JELLY OR CREAM OR PASTE Jelly,cream,paste is applied in the vagina with the help of an applicator. It destroy male sperms on contact with vaginal canal. These are effective if used along with a diaphragm or Nirodh . 10

11. MECHANICAL METHODS These methods function by preventing the live sperm from meeting the ovum. They provide protection from STDs,cause reduction pelvic inflammatory disease & protection from the risk of pelvic cancer. 3 methods 11

12. CONDOM OR NIRODH Condom is an extremely thin rubber sheath used by the man. Advantages Simplest,effective & easily available. Easy to use. Free of side effects. Protective against STDs. Light,compact & disposable. 12

13. 2. DIAPHRAGM Vaginal barrier. It is a thin shallow rubber cap which is inserted before sexual intercourse. They prevent the conception by blocking the entry of sperms through cervix. Spermicidal creams,jellies & foams are used along with these to increase their efficiency. 13

14. Advantages Reversible ,non invasive method. Not interfere with sexual contact. No risk associated with its use. Disadvantages Some may develop vaginal irritation, swelling. Cause vaginal infection if it left for 24 hours. 14

15. INTRA- UTERINE DEVICES(IUDs) IUDs are placed inside the uterus for the prevention of pregnancy. 2 types Non medicated Medicated Medicated IUDs release either metal ions or hormones. Non medicated IUDs-”first generation IUDs”(lippes loop). 15

16. “ Second generation IUDs”-copper IUDs -Cu T,Cu 7,multiload 375 “3 rd generation IUDs-hormone releasing IUDs Progestasert,LNG-20 Advantages Simple. Insertion not require hospitalization. Not interfere with sexual act. 16

17. Reversible. Failure rate is nill . Free from systemic side effects. Drawbacks Side effects –heavier bleeding,back ache,abdominal cramps. Not advised for delaying first pregnancy. Some times device is automaticaly expelled. 17

18. HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES Most effective method. Ensuring a desired gap between one child birth to another. Eg;progester one only pill, Post-coital pill Once a month pill Injectables Sub dermal implants 18

19. Combined pill Contain30-35micro gm of a synthetic estrogen &0.5-1mg progestagen . Taken orally for 21 consecutive days beginning on 5 th day of menstrual cycle,followed by a break of 7 days. Advantages Reversible. Not interfere with normal sexual life. 19

20. Corrects pre-existing menstrual problems . Drawbacks Cause dizziness,weight gain,vomiting,sickness Irregular vaginal bleeding. 20

21. TERMINAL METHODS Useful for delaying 1 st pregnancy or for ensuring a reasonable gap between two children. These are surgical methods-sterilization . Vasectomy Sterilisation produced in male. Small part of vasdeferens is removed or tied up through small incision on scrotum. 21

22. Advantages Simple. 100% effective and provides life long protection against unwanted pregnancies. No side effects & complications. Drawbacks Irreversible 22

23. 2. Tubectomy In female. Small part of fallopian tube is removed or tied up through a small incision in the abdomen or through vagina. 23

24. 3. Laparascopy Modern sterilization method in female using laparascope . Introduced in the abdomen through a very small opening . Laparascopy & tubectomy provide permanent safe guard against unwanted pregnancies & there are no side effects or complications. 24

25. ROLE OF PHARMACIST IN FAMILY PLANNING Pharmacist have close contacts with the public. He is doing useful service to the public like the doctor and health worker. Most of the uneducated people have psychological fear that family planning is painful,dangerous and harmful to health.the pharmacist can explain the use of family planning to the uneducated in a simple way in their local language . 25

26. The pharmacist can promote family planning by following methods:- Propagating the usefulness of family planning in the right way. He can explain the safety and convenience of the contraceptive devices He can advice spacing between the children. The pharmacist can display family planning posters in hospitals , dispensaries etc. He can guide the people to the family planning centers for vasectomy , tubectomy and laparoscopy. 26

27. He can motivate the public for the use of oral contraceptive drugs, condoms etc. He can establish an awareness in the community regarding the availability of various family planning services. He can produce a positive attitude to family planning by motivating eligible couples to adopt the small family norm. Pharmacist can promote family planning by distributing pamphlets about family planning. 27

28. Thank you…… 28