Famous architects and their prominent works

THIS SLIDE CONTAINS INFORMATION ABOUT SOME PROMINENT ARCHITECTS AND THEIR WORKS. THEIR BIOGRAPHY, AWARDS, ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS ARE ALSO INCLUDED TO MAKE THE WORK MORE EXPLICIT

1. FAMOUS ARCHITECTS AND THEIR PROMINENT WORKS . ARCHITECTURE OF TADAO ANDO , FRANK GEHRY , DANIEL LIBESKIND , RENZO PIANO , ZAHA HADID , I.M. PEI AND CESAR PELI . BY KELECHI OGBUAGU FOR HOUSMITHS LTD

2. TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT OF LIGHT, KING OF CONCRETE

3. Born in 1941 in Osaka, Japan He was a boxer before deciding to venture into the world of Architecture He did not have a formal training in Architecture but was self-taught by apprenticing himself to several relevant persons such as designers and city planners for short periods He attended night classes to learn drawing and took correspondence courses on interior design. He visited buildings designed by renowned architects like Le Corbusier, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe , Frank Lloyd Wright, and Louis Kahn, keeping a detailed sketch book which he does up to this day Tadao Ando is highly regarded for his unparalleled work with concrete, sensitive treatment of natural light, and strong engagement with nature. “ …I was studying architecture by going to see actual buildings, and reading books about them. “ BIOGRAPHY

4. PRITZKER ARCHITECTURE PRIZE – 1995 ROYAL GOLD MEDAL – 1997 AIA GOLD MEDAL – 2002 ALVAR AALTO MEDAL – 1985 UIA GOLD MEDAL – 2005 JAMES BEARD AWARD FOR OUTSTANDING RESTAURANT DESIGN – 2008 ISAMU NOGUCHI AWARD - 2016 AWARDS

5. FAMOUS PROJECTS Image - Forest of Tombs Museum, Kumamoto, 1993

6. CHURCH OF LIGHT 1999

7. LOCATION The Church of the Light is a small structure on the corner of two streets at Ibaraki, Osaka, a residential neighborhood. It is located 25 km north-northeast of Osaka in the western foothills of the Yodo valley railway corridor. The church has an area of roughly 113 m²

8. SITE PLAN CHURCH OF LIGHT

9. The Church of the Light consists a 5.9m concrete volumes(5.9m wide x 17.7m long x 5.9m high) that is cut by a freestanding concrete wall angled at 15°, dividing the box, creating a direct connection between the entrance and the church.  The line created slices directly through the window, dividing it and highlighting the outline of the wall’s shape, literally objectifying the plane.

10. 4 x 4 house TARUMI-KU, KOBE, HYOGO, JAPAN , 2003.

11. The houses are located near the Hyogo coast, on the outskirts of Kobe, along a commercial strip and bordered by a dual carriageway and train tracks to the North and, on its other side, by the widest-spanning bridge in Japan, the Akashi Strait, where the sandy beach meets the Seto Inland Sea. One of the factors which attracted the architect’s attention was the view over the island of Awaji, the epicentre of the Hanshin earthquake in 1995 and where he built the Temple of Water and the Yumeibutai . LOCATION

12. Each floor is a concrete mass which together acts like a lighthouse, dominating the view over the sea. The house is of minimal dimensions in terms of floor-span: approximately 4×4 metres which ascends in height (basement, ground floor and three upper floors).

13. LOCATION KOBE, KANSAI, JAPAN DATE 2001 STYLE MODERN - MINIMALIST BUILDING TYPE PUBLIC – MUSEUM MATERIAL CONCRETE HYOGO PREFECTURAL MUSEUM OF ART

14. TOKYO SKYTREE Tokyo Skytree is a broadcasting, restaurant, and observation tower in Sumida, Tokyo, Japan. It became the tallest structure in Japan in 2010 and reached its full height of 634.0 metres (2,080 ft ) in March 2011, making it the tallest tower in the world, displacing the Canton Tower, and the second tallest structure in the world after the Burj Khalifa (829.8 m/2,722 ft ) The tower also has seismic proofing including a central shaft made of reinforced concrete.

15. VITRA SEMINAR HOUSE, RHEIN, GERMANY MEDITATION SPACE, UNESCO, PARIS MODERN ART MUSEUM OF FORTH WORTH, TEXAS, USA ROKKO HOUSING, JAPAN SUNTORY MUSEUM IN OSAKA, JAPAN JAPANESE PAVILION FOR EXPO 92, SEVILLE SPAIN. THE ENTIRE STRUCTURE IS OF WOOD COVERED WITH TEFLON

16. FRANK GEHRY “Liquid architecture. It's like jazz—you improvise, you work together, you play off each other, you make something, they make something. And I think it's a way of—for me, it's a way of trying to understand the city, and what might happen in the city.” —Frank Gehry

17. BIOGRAPHY Frank Gehry , a Canadian American Architect was born Frank Owen Goldberg in Toronto, Canada on February 28, 1929. Gehry is known for his choice of unusual materials as well as his architectural philosophy. His selection of materials such as corrugated metal gives his designs an unfinished or even crude aesthetic. Frank Gehry is known for his professionalism and adherence to budgets, despite his complex and ambitious designs. An exception was the Walt Disney Concert Hall project, which exceeded the budget by over a hundred and seventy million dollars and resulted in a costly lawsuit. Gehry continues to be one of the world's leading contemporary architects, and due to his celebrity status, he has been referred to as a " starchitect "—a label that Gehry rejects.

18. 1987: Fellow of American Academy of Arts and Letters 1988: Elected into the National Academy of Design 1989:  Pritzker Architecture Prize 1992:  Praemium Imperiale 1994:  The Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize 1995:  Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award 1998: National Medal of Arts 1998: Gold Medal Award, Royal Architectural Institute of Canada 1999: AIA Gold Medal, American Institute of Architects 2000 : Cooper–Hewitt National Design Award Lifetime Achievement 2002: Companion of the Order of Canada 2004: Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service 2006: Inductee, California Hall of Fame 2007: Henry C. Turner Prize for Innovation in Construction Technology from the National Building Museum (on behalf of Gehry Partners and Gehry Technologies) 2009: Order of Charlemagne 2012: Twenty-five Year Award, American Institute of Architects 2014: Prince of Asturias Award 2014: Commandeur of the Ordre National de la Légion d'honneur , France 2015: J. Paul Getty Medal 2016: Harvard Arts Medal 2016: Leonore and Walter Annenberg Award for Diplomacy through the Arts, Foundation for Arts and Preservation in Embassies 2016: Presidential Medal of Freedom AWARDS

19. FAMOUS BUILDINGS Image - Walt Disney Concert Hall, Los Angeles, California

20. Frank Gehry's Neuer Zollhof, Dusseldorf, Germany

21. LOCATION The New Zollhof is situated at the Eastern edge of the Rhine River harbor front in downtown Düsseldorf, near the administrative complex of the North Rhine Westphalia province.

22. All three buildings are built of concrete flat slab with punched window openings at the outdoors facade. The finish cloth on each of the homes is precise. The crucial workplace constructing is clad absolutely in metallic panels; the East (tallest) tower is created from curvilinear volumes completed in plaster, and the West tower is a grouping of volumes faced in brick. WEST TOWER EAST TOWER

23. CHIAT/DAY BUILDING ( BINOCULARS BUILDING)

24. ABOUT THE BINOCULARS (CHIAT/DAY) BUILDING Clients : Advertisers Jay Chiat (1931-2002) and Guy Day (1930- 2010) Location : 340 Main Street, Venice, California Constructed : 1991 Artists & Architects : Claes Oldenburg, Coosje van Bruggen , and Frank Gehry Binocular Dimensions : 45 x 44 x 18 feet (13.7 x 13.4 x 5.5 meters) Construction Material of Binoculars : Steel frame with painted concrete/cement plaster exterior and gypsum plaster interior Architectural Style : A type of novelty, postmodern architecture called  mimetic architecture Design Idea : For an academic project in Italy, Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen had made a small model of "a theater and library in the form of standing pair of binoculars." The project went unbuilt, and the model ended up in Frank Gehry's office.

25. Dancing House, Prague, Czech Republic, 1996 Materials: Steel, glass, precast concrete. The dome was made of metal tubes covered with a mesh of stainless steel Olympic Fish Pavilion, Barcelona, Spain, 1992. A 52m long golden steel-mesh fish sculpture Jay Pritzker Pavilion, Chicago, Illinois, 2004 Material: Stainless steel BP Pedestrian Bridge, Chicago, llinois , USA, 2004 285m long and 6.1m wide with a concrete base, and its deck is covered with hardwood floor boards. It is designed without handrails, but uses stainless steel parapets instead.

26. David libeskind

27. BIOGRAPHY A Jewish Polish-American Architect, artist, professor and set designer born on May 12, 1946 He first studied music at the Łódź Conservatory before studying architecture under John Hejduk and Peter Eisenman at Cooper Union Libeskind’s international reputation as an architect was solidified when in 1989 he won the competition to build an addition to the  Berlin Museum that would house the city museum’s collection of objects related to Jewish history.  In addition to his architectural projects, Libeskind has worked with a number of international design firms to develop objects, furniture, and industrial fixtures for interiors of buildings including sculptures

28. Gold medal for Architecture at the National Arts Club (2007) RIBA International Award for Wohl Centre at Bar- Ilan University (2006) RIBA International Award for the Imperial War Museum North (2004) RIBA Award for the London Metropolitan University Graduate Centre (2004) Appointed as the first Cultural Ambassador for Architecture by the U.S. Department of State (2004) Received an Honorary Doctorate of Architecture from the University of South Florida. In 2003, he received the Leo Baeck Medal for his humanitarian work promoting tolerance and social justice. Doctor Honoris Causa of the New Bulgarian University from 2013 in recognition of his influence on the contemporary architectural research and practice Man of the Year Award from the Tel Aviv Museum of Art (2004) First architect to win the Hiroshima Art Prize, awarded to an artist whose work promotes international understanding and peace (2001)[43] Goethe Medal for cultural contribution by the Goethe Institute (2000) Time Magazine Best of 1998 Design Awards for the Felix Nussbaum Haus (1998) Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters (1996) Venice Biennale First Prize Stone Lion Award for Palmanova Project (1985) National Endowment for the Arts Design Arts Grant for Studies in Architecture (1983) American Institute of Architects Medal for Highest Scholastic Achievement (1970) AWARDS

29. FAMOUS BUILDINGS Image – Museum of Contemporary Art, Milan

30. Daniel Libeskind's Mons Conference center in Belgium Architects Studio Libeskind ,  H2a Architecte & Associés Location Avenue des Bassins, 7000 Mons,  Belgium Owner City of Mons Area 12500.0 sqm Project Year 2015 Architects Studio Libeskind ,  H2a Architecte & Associés Location Avenue des Bassins, 7000 Mons,  Belgium Owner City of Mons Area 12500.0 sqm Project Year 2015 Architects - Studio Libeskind , H2a Architecte & Associés Location - Avenue des Bassins , 7000 Mons, Belgium Owner - City of Mons Area - 12500.0 sqm Project Year - 2015

31. The 12, 500 sq. meter (41,010 sq feet) Centre is an expression of contrasting geometric forms. The Center houses a grand entrance hall, three auditoriums, a multi-purpose event hall, conference rooms, offices, a restaurant, an underground parking and a public roof terrace. The building is highly efficient and sustainable, with a green roof. It has passive shading, night cooling and fitted with photovoltaic cells The Center features three auditoriums of varying sizes: 500; 200; and 100 seats, each fitted with vibrant orange Tangram seats that Daniel Libeskind designed for Poltrona Frau/ Cassina In addition to the Forum, which can host special events, parties and temporary exhibits, the Center features a 380 sq. meter (4,090 sq. ft.) dedicated multi-event space as well as 16 meeting rooms of varying sizes and with flexible layouts.

32. Clad in a manner that gives texture and light to the structure, canted ribbon walls of curved champagne, anodized, aluminum wrap the form upwards to a prow that cantilevers over the street to the north The lower walls are clad with vertical slats of unfinished Robinia wood that echo the trees in a neighboring park To the north, at street level the façade appears to lift up to reveal a glazed entrance, finished with deep blue aluminum mullions

33. London Metropolitan University Graduate Center, 2004. Designed with embossed stainless steel panels Frederic C. Hamilton Building, 2006. Titanium-clad structure . A 7-story building with luxury condos called the Museum Residences. A metal-and-glass structure, having a sharp, geometric façade Bord Gáis Energy Theatre, Dublin, 2010. An angular glass-and-steel structure that houses a 2,000-seat performing arts center The Michael Lee-Chin Crystal, this steel-clad addition to the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto was completed in 2007 Vanke Pavilion, Milan, Italy, 2015. Clad in 4,000 red metallic tiles

34. Renzo piano “Architecture is art, but art vastly contaminated by many other things. Contaminated in the best sense of the word—fed, fertilized by many things.” – Renzo Piano

35. BIOGRAPHY An Italian architect, born on 14 th September, 1937.  Piano was originally expected to follow the family tradition and become a builder but instead chose design, studying architecture in Milan  Awarded the Pritzker Prize in 1998, the Pritzker Jury compared him to Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Brunelleschi, highlighting "his intellectual curiosity and problem-solving techniques as broad and far ranging as those earlier masters of his native land.“ His reputation for sensitivity and coherence has enabled him to build alongside some of the greatest architectural works of the 20th century

36. 1989 - Royal Gold Medal 1990 - Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana 1990 - Kyoto Prize 1994 - Italian Order of Merit for Culture and Art. 1995 - Erasmus Prize 1995 - Praemium Imperiale 1998 - Pritzker Architecture Prize. 2002 - International Union of Architects#UIA Gold Medal. 2004 – Honorary doctorate from Columbia University, New York 2006 - Gold Medal for Italian Architecture, Milano 2008 - AIA Gold Medal 2008 - Sonning Prize 2013 - Elected into the National Academy of Design in New York City 2017 - Knight Grand Cross of the Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise Major awards and honours

37. Image – Nemo Science Centre, Amsterdam, 1997 FAMOUS BUILDINGS

38. The Shard, also known as Shard of Glass, Shard London Bridge and formerly London Bridge Tower was completed in 2012. It is a 95-story pyramidal skyscraper standing 309.7m (1,016 ft ) high. The Shard is the tallest building in the United Kingdom, the tallest building in the European Union, the fifth-tallest building in Europe and the 59th-tallest building in the world It is also the second-tallest free-standing structure in the United Kingdom, after the concrete tower of the Emley Moor transmitting station A mixed-use “vertical city,” it offers more than 56,000 square meters of office space on 25 floors, three floors of restaurants, a 17-story hotel, 13 floors of apartments and a triple-height viewing gallery, as well as an open-air viewing floor on level 72. It is crowned with a steel-framed pinnacle and clad with shards of glass designed to blend into the sky

39. The slender pyramidal form was determined by its suitability to this mix: large floor plates at the bottom for offices; restaurants, public spaces and a hotel located in the middle; private apartments at the top of the building. The final floors accommodate a public viewing gallery, 240 m above street level .

40. Paris Courthouse, Paris, France, 2017. Area – 62000msq. The building is a slim, transparent, 160m tower of stacked volumes of decreasing size, laid out for efficiency and ease and accommodates up to 8,800 people per day. There are 90 courtrooms and nearly all benefit from natural light. The building is sustainable in that it has an intelligent double-skinned façade at the East and West that limit energy consumption. It has photovoltaic panels and green terraces with nearly 400 trees to help absorb carbon dioxide. It has limited parking spaces to encourage the estimated 8,000 daily users to use public transport.

41. New York Times Building, New York, USA, 2007. A 52-storey skyscraper (offices) constructed with steel and glass having a height of 319m San Francisco Transbay development California, USA, 2013. Structural height – 280.42m Central St. Giles Court, London, UK, 2010. A 15 storeys mixed-use building Incorporating office, retail, restaurant and residential use Building materials : FSC accredited timber and coloured glazed ceramic (terracotta) for the façade.

42. Zaha hadid QUEEN OF THE CURVE

43. BIOGRAPHY Zaha Hadid , in full Dame Zaha Hadid , (born October 31, 1950, Baghdad, Iraq—died March 31, 2016, Miami, Florida, U.S. aged 65) Iraqi-born British architect first studied mathematics in an American University in Beirut, Lebanon and is known for her radical deconstructivist designs. In 2004 she became the first woman to be awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize. In 2012, she was made a Dame by Elizabeth II for services to architecture, and in 2015 she became the first and only woman to be awarded the Royal Gold Medal from the Royal Institute of British Architects She was described by The Guardian of London as the 'Queen of the curve', who "liberated architectural geometry, giving it a whole new expressive identity.“ She also worked as a furniture designer, a designer of interior spaces such as restaurants, and a set designer, notably for the 2014 Los Angeles Philharmonic production of Mozart’s Così fan tutte .

44. 1982 : Gold Medal Architectural Design, British Architecture for 59 Eaton Place, London 2000 : Honourable Member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters 2002 : Commander of the British Empire AIA UK Chapter Award 2004 : Pritzker Architecture Prize 2010, 2011 : Stirling Prize, Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) 2012 : Order of the British Empire, Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) for services to Architecture 2013 : European Museum of the Year (Glasgow Riverside Museum of Transport) 2014 : ACADIA ( Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture Lifetime Achievement Award 2015 : Gold Medal of Honour for the Republic of Austria 2015 : London Building Excellence Award (Serpentine Sackler Gallery) 2016 : World Architecture Community Awards ( Investcorp Building, Messner Mountain Museum Corones ) 2016 : Blueprint Award for Architecture 2016 : Simon Taylor Award for Lifetime Achievement 2016 : Royal Gold Medal, RIBA MAJOR AWARDS AND HONOURS

45. FAMOUS BUILDINGS Image: Guangzhou Opera House, China.

46. Name: Vitra Fire Station, Germany Opened: 1993 . Size: 9,172 square feet( 852 square meters) Construction Materials: Exposed, reinforced Cast in - situ concrete The Vitra Fire Station is significant as Zaha Hadid's first major built architectural work and her earliest attempt to translate her fantastical, powerful conceptual drawings into a functional architectural space. The impression of this building is that of “frozen movement.” It is a fitting architectural mood for a fire station, which must remain on constant alert; the design reflects that tension, as well as the potential to burst into action at any given moment. This building proved that Zaha was capable of moving past her reputation as a “paper architect” to creating architectural space that was as functional as it was radical. Ironically, this building serves as an exhibition and special event space.

47. Zaragoza Bridge Pavilion was constructed for Expo 2008 in Zaragoza, Spain. The enclosed interactive space spans the River Ebro. It is a hybrid of Pedestrian footbridge (2,500m 2 ) and Exhibition space (3,915m 2 ). 280m long with 68.5m foundations- the deepest ever built in the country. It’s fluid, dynamic design interprets the Expo’s theme: ‘Water and Sustainable Development’

48. BMW Central Building, Leipzig, Germany, 2005. Won 2006 RIBA European Award and German Concrete Award the same year All of the load-bearing walls, floors, and office levels are made of cast-in-place concrete, while the roof structure is composed of structural steel beams and space frame construction. The facade is clad in simple materials of like corrugated metal, channel glass, and glass curtain walls Galaxy SOHO, Beijing, China, 2012 Parametric Design. Four continuous, flowing, non-edged towers, maximum heights of 220 feet (67 meters), connected in space. It has 4 Towers 15 Floors (12 Office Floors and 3 Retail Floors). The exterior of the building is clad in aluminum and stone while the interior features glass, terrazzo, stainless steel and glass reinforced gypsum.

49. Broad Art Museum, Michigan, 2012. Construction Materials: steel and concrete with pleated stainless steel and glass exterior Phaeno Science Center, Wolfsburg, Germany, 2005 The Serpentine- Sackler Gallery, London, UK, 2013 In 2010 the Serpentine Gallery won the tender from The Royal Parks to bring the Grade II. PTFE ( Polytetrafluroethylene )was chosen for the outer layer because of its longevity, class 0 fire rating and self-cleaning properties

50. i.m . pei “I believe that architecture is a pragmatic art. To become art it must be built on a foundation of necessity.” —I.M. Pei WORLD’S FAMOUS ARCHITECT

51. BIOGRAPHY Chinese-American architect Ieoh Ming Pei AKA I.M. Pei, was born on April 26, 1917 ( age 101) in Guangzhou China. In 1935 he began studying architecture in the United States and eventually earned his B.A. from MIT and his M.A. from Harvard In 1955, Pei formed his own architectural firm, I.M. Pei & Associates (later Pei Cobb Freed & Partners in 1989). He is arguably the greatest living member of the modernist generation of architects and is noted for his large but elegantly designed urban buildings and complexes, his bold and skillful arrangements of groups of geometric shapes and for his dramatic use of richly contrasted materials, spaces, and surfaces. Pei continues to design innovative structures throughout the world and has countless honors for his work within the field of architecture.

52. Major awards and honours In 1979, he was awarded the Gold Medal for Architecture of the American Academy of Arts and Letters. The same year he won the Gold Medal of the American Institute of Architects(AIA) In 1983, he was awarded the most prestigious, Nobel award of architecture, the Pritzker Prize In the same year he won the International Union of Architects (UIA) Gold Medal for Lifetime Achievement In 1989, he won the first Praemium Imperiale for Architecture ( an award for Outstanding contributions to the development, promotion and progress of the arts presented byT he Imperial Family of Japan and The Japan Art Association On July 4, 1986, President Ronald Reagan bestowed the Medal of Liberty upon Pei. In 1993, President George H.W. Bush awarded him with the Medal Freedom. In 2003, he was given the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Smithsonian Institution’s Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum In 2010, Pei was awarded with the RIBA Royal Gold Medal In 2011, 2017 he was awarded The Twenty-five Year Award ( John Hancock East Building and Le Grande Louvre, respectively)

53. FAMOUS BUILDINGS Image: Le Grand Louvre, Paris, France, 1989

54. Bank of China Tower, Hong Kong, 1990 BOC stands 70 stories with a height of 367.4m. At the time of its opening in May 1990 it was the tallest building in Asia and it still remains one of the tallest buildings in Hong Kong. It has f our shafts that from the building produce a modern composite structural system that not only resists high-velocity winds, but eliminates the need for many internal vertical supports. As a result, the Bank of China uses less steel than typical for a building its size

55. Dallas City Hall, Dallas, USA, 1978 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Cleveland, USA, 1995 Kennedy Library, Boston, USA, 1979 Miho Museum, Mihoko Koyama, Japan

56. CESAR PELLI “Design for me is not a single idea that comes complete in your mind, not like Athena born with her armor; it is more like a plant. You start with a small plant and you allow it to grow,”

57. Cesar Pelli, was born on Oct. 12, 1926, Tucumán, Argentina By the mid-1990s, Pelli was known for the lightweight, almost tentlike , appearance of his buildings, which were often surfaced in glass or a thin stone veneer His buildings were well known for their delicacy and thin appearances mostly faceted with glass or a thin stone veneer. His projects exhibited profoundly an attraction and bend towards abstract, crystalline glass shapes banging with linearity through the use of colored stone or metal. César Pelli’s work is appreciated for being “poetic” and “fresh” in nature. One of the frequently noted characters in his buildings is the diversity displayed in all of his works. Pelli always designs with huge sensitivity towards site and every time surprises the world with his innovative solutions to architectural problems. BIOGRAPHY

58. MAJOR AWARDS AND HONOURS 1994, 1986 and 2000 he won AIA Honor Award for Carnegie Hall Tower, Cleveland Clinic and Herring Hall respectively. In 1995, Pelli was honored by the American Institute of Architects (AIA) with the prestigious Gold Medal Award In 2004, he received the Aga Khan Award in Architecture for the Petronas Towers , and their harmony with Islamic culture in Malaysia. In 2008, the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat presented him with The Lynn S. Beedle Lifetime Achievement Award . In 2012, Pelli was honored with the platinum Konex Award for architecture and the diamond Konex Award for visual arts 2016 International Architecture Award – Yale-NUS 2017 Engineering News Record’s National Best Of The Best Healthcare Project for Buerger Center for Advanced Pediatric Care, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

59. FAMOUS BUILDINGS Image - Los Angeles ’ Pacific Design Center

60. T he Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1997 They were the world’s tallest buildings until 2004 It is 1,483 ft (452 meters) high and has 88 floors and 32,000 windows. It has the world’s largest foundation of 120m depth ( appro 400ft). Due to contractor’s unwillingness to work with a steel structure the two towers are built with high strength reinforced concrete to reduce vibrations and structural strains from high winds Pelli put much efforts to incorporate Islamic motifs and symbols into the design process that would influence the design and the detailing of the building . Pelli used the Rub el Hizb , an important symbol found in many Islamic cultures, as a way to generate the plan of the building. The Rub el Hizb is characterized by two overlapping squares, one rotated 45 degrees, with a circle inscribed in the center. Pelli used the symbol as the footprints to both towers resulting in two extruded 8 point towers that reflected Islamic art. Rather than just leaving the building as a simple extrusion of a preexisting symbol found in Islamic art and culture, Pelli still worked on the building façade to create a more elegant and aesthetic look that is still found in most Islamic morifs

61. National Museum of Art, Osaka, Japan, 2004. Titanium coated stainless steel tubes, resembles the wings of a butterfly, Due to the constraints imposed by the site, the building had to be built entirely underground. The steel and glass of the skylight roof, out of the only elements that were available above ground. Responding to the need for a watertight underground museum the bulk of the building is encased in a three-layered, concrete wall that is almost ten feet thick . The sheer weight resists the buoyancy of the watery soil and also helps the building provide the necessary temperature and humidity, thereby, reducing operating expense Gallery space Public amenities

62. One Canada Square, London, 1991. It is regarded as London’s first skyscraper Torre de Cristal in Madrid, completed in 2010, is Spain’s tallest building . It has an energy-saving double-glazed curtain wall, whose blinds respond to lighting levels, and photovoltaic cells on the roof help heat the building’s water. Torre Iberdrola in Bilbao, Spain, 2011 features reclaimed concrete, a double-wall glass façade, and systems to reduce water usage .

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