Fat soluble vitamins

Fat soluble vitamins, types and its need, deficiency diseases

1. FAT Soluble VITAMINS Dr. T. RAMESH, Assistant Professor of Zoology Vivekananda College

2. Introduction “Something to make us sick, When we do not eat it” They are Organic compounds Plants can synthesis vitamins and animal can synthesis few Animals obtain vitamins from food stuffs Man requires 15 vitamin and lesser Very small quantity of vitamins is needed It is function like hormones They cannot provide any energy but it is needed for physiological activity functioning as catalyst High Temperature- losing the vitamins Causing deficiency diseases Dr. Funk- Introduced the term Vitamins

3. Types of Vitamins There are two groups - according their solubility 1. Fat Soluble Vitamins- A, D, E & K 2. Water Soluble Vitamins- B & C

4. VITAMIN – A ( Retinol or Antixerophthalmic Vitamin ) It was discovered by Mc Collum in 1913 Fat Soluble It is exists two forms- A1 ( Retinol 1 ) and A2 ( Retinol 2 ) A1- C 20 H 23 OH and A2- C 20 H 27 OH Animal synthesis vitamin A from Carotene- Provitamin Carotene splits two molecules of Vitamin A Sources: Leafy vegetables like amaranth, spinach, coriander, drumstick leaves, carrots, yellow pumpkins, mangoes, papayas, tomatoes, fish liver oil, halibut liver oil, milk, butter, ghee, egg, fish etc.,

5. Functions of Vitamin A Vitamin A is an important component of Rhodopsin of retina. It promotes growth Protein synthesis Normal growth and shape of Bones Essential for the synthesis of mucoploysaccharides Promotes fertility Essential function-Carbohydrate & DNA metabolism- Normal structure and function of epithelial tissues

6. Deficiency symptoms of Vitamin A In children- Retards growth -leads loss of weight Vision in dim light- rhodopsin pigment in retina of eye- Night Blindness or Nyctalopia Xerophthalmia - reddening, dryness, lusterless conditions of the eye. Keratomalacia - Cornea becomes soft and disorganised Degenerate- Lacrymal gland, Sweat and Sebaceous glands of Skin Over dose of Vitamin A- Hypervitaminosis – Drowsiness, sluggishness, severe headache, vomitting and peeling of the skin

7. Xerophthalmia

8. Vitamin D ( Calciferol or Antirachitic Vitamin) Mc Collum in 1922 It is a steroid compounds It is formed irradiation of sterols In skin the large amount of Cholesterol converted into Vitamin D- Exposure of the skin to sunlight It exists in five known forms- D 1 , D 2 , D 3 , D 4 & D 5 Vitamin D 2 is of common- Ergocalciferol - C 28 H 43 OH D 3 - Cholecalciferol , D 5 - Ergosterol

9. Sources of Vitamin D Fish liver oil Butter Milk Egg Functions: It helps calcium absorption in the intestine It improves absorption of phosphate It Helps deposition of Calcium and Phosphates in the bones Essential - Calcium metabolism, normal development of bone & teeth

10. Deficiency of Vitamin D It causes Rickets in child It causes Osteomalacia in adults Rickets It caused by deficiency of Vitamin D for Child ren It is characteristic- Soft and Weak bone - Leg bones are curved and “ Bow Shaped ” and ribs appearance- “ Pigeon breast ” Antirachiitic vitamin - Vitamin D against rickets Osteomalacia Adult ricket , lack of Calcium salts in diet, during pregnancy and lactation

11. Rickets

12. Vitamin E ( Tocopherol or Antisterility ) Matill and Conclin 1920 Fat Soluble It exists three forms Alpha, Beta and Gamma Sources: Rich in Wheat, germ oil, cotton seed oils, liver of hourse and cattle, muscles of heart, kidney milk, egg-yolk Man requires 15 to 20 mg/day Function: it is a antioxidant Normal reproduction rate and functioning of muscles

13. Deficiency and symptoms In man it not known exactly. It may causes peripheral vascular disorder Heart disorder menopause In female rat the foetus dies sometime In chick it leads to embryonic moetality

14. Vitamin K ( Antihaemorrhagic vitamin ) Dam 1935 It is essential for coagulation or blood clotting Sources: Green plants, microbs , Cabbage, spinach, tomato, soyabean . Also Liver, fish, milk etc Functions: Essential for synthesis of prothrombin in liver- Prothrombin is essential for blood clotting Hence it is called Antihaemorrhagic vitamin

15. Deficiency of vitamin K Blood clotting Bleeds are stopped within 5-8 min Loss of cont. Bleeding- victim is dies

16. Vitamin Q DR. A.J. Quick 1972 Found in Phopholipid extracted from soyabeans Essential for blood clot

17. Vitamin U It isolated from curd It is essential for people suffers gastritis, duodenal ulcers Doubles % of recoveries from gastro intestinal diseases.