Fenugreek as a source for nutraceutical

1. Pharmacognostic profile of Fenugreek
2. Macroscopy
3. General uses and Common names of fenugreek
4. Health benefits
5. Nutraceutical properties
6. Medicinal uses of fenugreek
7. Doses & Adverse effects
8. Formulations
9. Thank you

1. FENUGREEK Presented to: Prof. Maninder Karan Vasisht

2. PHARMACOGNISTIC PROFILE BOTANICAL NAME: Trigonella foenum graeceum DESCRIPTION: An aromatic 30-60 cm tall, annual herb. FAMILY: Fabaceae PLANT PART USED: Seeds as well as dried leaves LATIN NAME: faenugraecum meaning “Greek hay” HABITAT: Indigenous to the countries on the eastern shores of the Mediterranean. Cultivated in India, Africa, Egypt, Morroco and occasionally in England.

3. MACROSCOPY COLOUR : Dull Yellow- seeds; green- leaves ODOUR: Pleasant TASTE: Bitter SHAPE AND STRUCTURE: Seed are oblong, rhomboidal with deep furrow dividing them into two unequal parts. Leaves are stalked upto 5cm with triangular stipules, lanceolate .

4. COMMON NAMES OF FENUGREEK

5. Phytochemical Class Chemical constituents of fenugreek Alkaloids Trigonelline , Gentianine , Carpaine . Amino acids Isoleucine, 4-Hydroxyisoleucine, Histidine , Leucine , lysine, Arginine Saponins Graecunins , fenugrin B, fenugreekine , trigofoenosides A–G Steroidal sapinogens Yamogenin , diosgenin , tigogenin , Gitogenin Flavonoids Quercetin , rutin , vitexin , isovitexin Fibers Gum, neutral detergent fiber Lipids Mono/di/Tri acylglycerols , phosphatidylcholine , free fatty acids. Other Coumarin, lipids, vitamins, minerals. 28% mucilage; 22% proteins; 5% of a stronger swelling, bitter fixed oil ( Sotolon )

6. GENERAL USES OF FENUGREEK PLANT PLANT PART APPLICATIONS/USES SEEDS BREAD MAKING, STABILIZER, ADHESIVE AND EMULSIFYING AGENTS, ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES SEEDS, LEAVES (Condiments, pickels , curries) FLAVOURING AGENTS SEEDS, LEAVES BISCUITS, ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTER IMPROVER GALACTOMANNAN, FIBERS AND EXTRACT FUNCTIONAL FOOD SEEDS OIL INSECT REPELLANT

7. HEALTH BENEFITS OF FENUGREEK SEEDS AND LEAVES

8. Nutraceutical properties of Fenugreek Lactation aid Breasts are modified sweat glands and fenugreek has been found to stimulate sweat production- hormone precursor to increase milk formation . Immunological activity Fenugreek cause lymph proliferation and increase in phagocytic index and phagocytic capacity of macrophages significantly. Hypoglycemic effect The galactomannan -rich soluble fiber fraction of fenugreek seeds are responsible for the antidiabetic activity . Its seed also have fiber(25%) that can slow the rate of postprandial glucose absorption- secondary mechanism.

9. Hypocholesterolemic effect Fenugreek seeds contain the large amount of fiber galactose and mannose which are associated with reduced cholesterolemia . Antioxidant activity Fenugreek seed extract with methanol , ethanol, dichloromethane, acetone, hexane and ethyl acetate has a radical scavenging activity . Anticancer effect Fenugreek seed extract significantly inhibited 7,12-dimethyl benz (a) anthracene -induced mammary hyperplasia. A lcoholic whole plant extracts of fenugreek showed in vitro cytotoxicity against different human cancer cell lines such as IMR-32, a neuroblastoma cell line, and HT29, a cancer cell line

10. Antibacterial and antifungal effect Extracts of fenugreek shows: Anti fungal activity against fungal strains such as Fusarium graminearum , Botrytis cinerea , Alternaria sp., Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum and Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli . This could be due to Cysteine-rich peptides, defensins . Advantages of fenugreek on digestion Fenugreek enhanced pancreatic lipase activity. Non-starchy polysaccharides increase the bulk of the food and increase the bowl movement. Also , non-starchy polysaccharides assist in smooth digestion whereas high fiber of fenugreek helps in relieving constipation ailments.

11. MEDICINAL ACTION AND USES Paste of seeds soaked in water- comforting for stomach, utilized for diabetes. Seeds are employed in preparation of emolient cataplasm, ointements and plasters. Seeds decoction used internally in inflammed conditions of stomach and intestine. Externally used as a poultice for abscesses, boils, carbuncles etc.

12. Cont … It can be employed as substitute for cod-liver oil in scrofula, rickets, anaemia , debility following infectious diseases. For neurasthenia, gout and diabetes it can be combined with insulin. Seeds are used to give a maple flavouring to confectionery . In India the fresh plant is employed as an esculent. MEDICINAL ACTION AND USES

13. DOSAGE OF FENUGREEK SEED 1-2 g orally three times daily No more than: 6 g/day TEA : 1 cup multiple times/day; 500 mg seed/150 mL water POULTICE : Apply topically as needed Paste : 50 g of powdered seed in 0.25-1  L  hot water DIABETES MELLITUS, POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE CONTROL: 10-15 g orally once/day or in divided doses with meals OR Hydroalcoholic extract: 1 g orally once/day OR Seed : 5 g/day orally HYPERLIPIDEMIA : 0.6-2.5 g orally twice daily with meals

14. ADVERSE EFFECTS OF FENUGREEK Adverse effects of Fenugreek include: Allergic reaction Asthma Diarrhea Gas (flatulence) Low blood sugar ( hypoglycemia ) Wheezing Unusual body odor  ( pediatric ) Loss of consciousness ( pediatric ) Avoided during pregnancy.

15. FORMULATIONS

16. THANK YOU