Fertility and mortality...

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Id: Ashikur Rahman Shanto
Student of Bangladesh University Professionals
Department of Environmental Science

1. Fertility & Mortality

2. hello! I am Md. Ashikur Rahman Id: 19531037 2

3. Topics to be discussed of fertility and mortality- Definition Uses Sources Measures Factors 3

4. Fertility In demography, it is the actual birth performance of a group of women or to the relative frequency with which the birth occurs in total population or in the population exposed to it. This is the Result of fecundity Fertility behavior of a given time gives shape to the future age-sex structure Produce the alterations in the size of a population 4

5. Sources of Data There are three sources: Registration of vital events Sample Registration System (SRS) National family health surveys (NFHS) 5 Fertility Indicators are: Crude birth rate Fecundity rate General fertility rate Age specific fertility rate Total fertility rate

6. Measures of Fertility Data Uses- Quantify the birth performance of a population over a period of time , Used to compare the fertility levels of a number of population, during a particular time interval, Exhibit a time trend in fertility in a population in the study of differential fertility by various socio- economic, racial and ethnic groups. 6

7. Crude Birth Rate (CBR ) Ratio of the total number of live birth to the average population ever lived during a given year and geographical area . Crude Birth rate = B/P × 1000 Where B = Total No. of live births in a given year & area. P= Mid year population of the year 7

8. General Fertility Rate Simplest measure of fertility Defined as the number of births per year per thousand mid-year woman of the child bearing ages. GFR =B/W(15-49) × 1000 W(15-49) = total number of women of child bearing age 15-49 at the mid point of the year in a given geographical area 8

9. Age Specific Fertility Rate (ASFR) Age pattern of child bearing in any population is the best revealed by computing age specific fertility rates . It is the number of births per year per women in a given age group in a given year and geographical area. 9

10. Factors Affecting Fertility Biological Determinates Social- cultural Determinates Economic Determinates • Status of Women •Marriage & Marital Disruptions • Sterility • Contraception • Induced abortion • Level of education • Employment opportunities • Type of residence • Religion of parents • Level of available health care • Perceived cost of having children • Pressure from the government 10 General Factors affecting fertility

11. Mortality A demographic event – Average risk of dying of a person in the group during a time span. • This is one of the three determinants of population change i.e . fertility, mortality and migration. 11 Factors of mortality patterns: • Endogenetics (biological) & Exogenetic (environmental )

12. DETERMINANTS OF MORTALITY Vary over Space and Time Classified in to three categories : Demographic structure- Age, Sex Composition etc . Social advancement- Age at marriage, Adequacy of medical facilities, General condition of nutrition, Housing and Sanitation, Literacy, Religion, Caste and Community beliefs etc . Economic development- Occupation, Standard of living/ per capita income , Type of economy etc. 12

13. USES OF MORTALITY RATE Useful for projecting the future size of the population Identify population groups that are at high risk and in need of health service Indicatives of quality of life and expectation of life at birth. Useful guides to planners Helpful to insurance companies 13

14. Direct source Registration of vital events Sample Registration Surveys National Family Health Surveys. SOURCES OF MORTALITY DATA Indirect source Age data of two consecutive censuses may be used to estimates death rates Demographic year book: U.N. Publication World Health Organization (WHO) also provides data 14 There are two sources

15. MEASURES OF MORTALITY  Crude death rate : Crude death rate (d) =( D/P)* 1000 D= No. of deaths in a population during a given calendar year P= average number of persons living in the population during the year. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR ): No . of infants dying under one year of age in a year per thousand live birth in a given geographical region . Child Mortality Rate (CMR ): Defined as the total number of deaths of children aged 1 to 4 yrs. per 1000 population of the same age in a given year and geographical region. 15

16. T hanks Everyone! 16