fertilizer beneficiation using kaolin clay deposits.pptx

Fertilizer is an organic or inorganic matter used for improving the yield of crops

1. TREATMENT OF FERTILIZER WASTE EFFLUENT USING KAOLIN CLAY

2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY STATEMENT OF PROBLEM AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY SCOPE OF THE STUDY ADSORPTION PROCESS KAOLIN CLAY AS AN ADSORBENT RELATED WORK PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

3. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Effluent refers to an outflow of any liquid waste. In this context fertilizer liquid waste, released to the ecosystem, most times natural body of water. The effluent from chemical fertilizer industries mainly contains organics, nitrates, alcohols, ammonia, phosphorous, heavy metals such as Lead and chromium and suspended solids. Many waste water treatment methods have been employed, however, these methods possess several disadvantages such as high cost devices, toxic waste production, low efficiency and high energy.

4. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY CONTD Adsorption using kaolin clay adsorbent is one of the most efficient techniques due to its simplicity and affordability, moreover, it is more feasible even at low concentrations of heavy metal ions. Economic importance of kaolin clay adsorbent in the treatment of fertilizer effluent heavy metals includes availability, having excellent textural and surface properties, inexpensiveness to the conventional treatment of waste water.

5. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM High toxic nature of effluent from chemical fertilizer industries. Fertilizer effluents are harmful to the ecosystem leading to the day by day deterioration of the ecosystem.

6. AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to investigate the removal of heavy metals such as lead ( Pb ) and chromium (Cr) from chemical fertilizer waste water using kaolin clay. This aim will be carried out through the following objectives; To modify the kaolin clay via beneficiation and calcination. To characterize the physical and chemical properties of the kaolin adsorbent. To determine the metal ion uptake in fertilizer waste water by batch adsorption process.

7. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The use of other waste water treatment methods are very expensive and still do not properly treat this effluent to the considerable environmental limits. This work will make available to fertilizer industries the possibility of using kaolin clay adsorbent as an inexpensive, efficient and promising approach to the treatment of fertilizer effluent. Due to the increasing world's population, will tend to promote the use of chemical fertilizers the more by farmers to support plants yields without any significant negative effects to the ecosystem from the fertilizer waste water.

8. SCOPE OF THE STUDY Though chemical fertilizer waste water contains many other pollutants such as alcohol, ammonia, suspended solids, nitrates, phosphorus, large amounts of BOD and COD and other organic matter, but this work will be limited to the removal of heavy metals such as lead and chromium.

9. ADSORPTION PROCESS The term adsorption was introduced by Kayser in 1881. This refers to a phenomenon in which higher concentration of any species of solid, liquid or gas are attached at the surface than in the bulk of a material. There are two types of adsorption, namely; Physisorption and Chemisorption. Adsorption is an alternative approach to remove dissolved metal ions from liquid waste.

10. KAOLIN CLAY AS AN ADSORBENT Kaolinite is a clay mineral with the chemical composition Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 . It is a layered silicate mineral with one tetrahedral sheet of silica (SiO 4 ) linked through oxygen atoms to one octahedral sheet of alumina (AlO 6 ). It is an important industrial mineral. Kaolin clay minerals are abundant, readily available and inexpensive. Therefore, they offer a cost effective alternative to the conventional treatment of waste water. The main components of the clay are SiO 2 (53.15 wt %) and Al 2 O 3 (41.143 wt %). The large amounts of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 present defines the sample as an alumino -silicate clay.

11. KAOLIN CLAY AS AN ADSORBENT CONTD Table 1.1 chemical compositions of raw kaolin clay Source : (Jock et al, 2016) APPLICATIONS OF KAOLIN CLAY The main use of the mineral kaolinite (about 50% of the time) is the production of paper and also as adsorbents in water and wastewater treatment. Other applications can also be seen in the following areas: In ceramics, In toothpaste, In cosmetics, In industrial insulation material called Kaowool, In adhesives, To induce blood clotting in diagnostic procedures, In organic farming as a spray applied to crops to deter insect damage. Components SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 TiO 2 MgO Fe 2 O 3 CaO Cr 2 O 3 ZnO Mn 2 O 3 Amount (wt %) 53.158 41.143 3.017 0.442 0.126 0.044 0.018 0.013 0.008

12. RELATED WORK S/N AUTHORS TITLES FEATURES 1 Mansour Alhawas, Mohamed Alwabel, Adel Ghoneim, Abdullah Alfarraj, Abdelazeem Sallam Removal of Nickel from Aqueous Solution by low cost Clay Adsorbent (Al-Mahwes clay sample and Khulias clay deposit) The adsorption data followed Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm data and correlation coefficients (R 2 ) ranged from 0.90 to 0.99. Column studies results showed that 92-99% of the added Ni was retained in the top soil layer (0-5 cm). 2 Jock Asanja Alexander, Muhammed Abbas Ahmad Zaini, Surajudeen Abdulsalam, Usman Aliyu El-Nafaty and Umar Omeiza Aroka Isotherm Studies of lead(II) , manganese(II) and cadmium(II) adsorption by Nigerian Bentonite Clay in a single and multimetal solutions The order of selectivity is lead(II) > cadmium(II) > manganese(II) . Results also shows that both clays demonstate a preferable adsorption towards lead(II) The adsorption data followed Langmuir model 3 Alexander Asanja Jock, Atumein Samaila Joel, Olu Olumide Olubajo, charity Uren Zang, MagdaleneSazeya Ayuba and Philip Thomas Wakaili Development of Activated Carbon from Sawdust by Pyrolysis and Methylene blue adsortption The MB removal efficiency was 99.2% Langmuir isotherm model having correlation coefficient (R 2 ) 0.98 gave the best fit . 4 Alexander Asanja jock, Aniete Ndarake Okon, Uchechukwu Herbert Offor, Festus Thomas and Edmund OkwudiliChukwu Agbanaje Adsorption Of Nickel ions from Petroleum Wastewater Onto Calcined Kaolin Clay: Isotherm, Kinetic and Therrmodynamic Studies The calcined Kaolin clay was characterized sing XRF and FTIR The study yielded a removal efficiency of 89.89% for Nickel ions at 25C

13. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

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