Fetal Circulation

Fetal Circulation - Fetal circulation differs from adult circulation in several ways and is designed to ensure a high oxygen blood supply to the brain and myocardium

1. WELCOME

2. B y M s.Krishna K umari Maddineni.M.Sc (N ) P rofessor S ister care college of nursing Guntur FETAL CIRCULATION

3. INTRODUCTION EVERY WOMEN IN HER LIFE WILL ATTAIN PREGNANCY ,DURING HER GESTATION THE NUTRIENTS,MINERALS,Etc ARE PASSED THROUGH UMBILICAL CORD IN THE SAME WAY BLOOD AND OXYGEN TO FETUS WILL PASS THROUGH UMBILICAL CORD

4. DEFINITION ACCORDING TO ANNAMMA JACOB Fetal circulation differs from adult circulation in several ways and is designed to ensure a high oxygen blood supply to the brain and myocardium

5. CHARACTERISTICS * The placenta is the source of oxygen for the fetus *Fetal lungs receive less than 1% of blood volume lung do not exchange gas *Right atrium of the fetal heart is the chamber with highest oxygen concentration

6. STRUCTURES Fetal circulation contains five unique structures 1.ONEUMBILICAL VEIN 2.TWO UMBILICAL ARTERIES 3.DUCTUS VENOSUS 4.FORAMEN OVALE 5.DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS

7. ONE UMBILICAL VEIN It carries oxygen and nutrients to the fetus TWO UMBILICAL ARTERIES Carry deoxygenated blood and waste products from fetus This permits most of the highly oxygenated blood to go directly into the right atrium

8. In the right atrium most of the well oxygenated(75%) DUCTUS VENOSUS blood directed into the FORAMEN OVALE by the valve of the inferior vena cava passes into left atrium

9. PATTERN OF BLOOD FLOW The umbilical vein carrying the oxygenated blood(80% saturated) from the placenta enters the fetus at the umbilicus and runs along the free margin of the flaciform ligament of the liver The blood carried from the placenta through umbilical vein enters the inferior vena cava through ductus venosus

10. This permits most of the highly oxygenated blood to go directly into the right atrium In the right atrium most of the well oxygenated ductus venosus blood directed into the foramen ovale by the valve of the inferior vena cava passes into the left atrium From the left atrium blood flows into the left ventricle During ventricular systole the left ventricle blood is pumped into the ascending and arch of aorta are distributed by their branches to HEART ,HEAD,NECK,BRAIN AND ARMS

11. This permits most of the highly oxygenated blood to go directly into the right atrium In the right atrium most of the well oxygenated ductus venosus blood directed into the foramen ovale by the valve of the inferior vena cava passes into the left atrium From the left atrium blood flows into the left ventricle During ventricular systole the left ventricle blood is pumped into the ascending and arch of aorta are distributed by their branches to HEART ,HEAD,NECK,BRAIN AND ARMS

12. Deoxygenated blood returns from the head and arms through superior vena cava enters the right atrium and passes into the right ventricle Blood from right ventricle flows into the pulmonary artery The right ventricle blood with oxygen content is discharged into pulmonary trunk

13. The resistance in the pulmonary arteries during fetal life is very high the main portion of the blood passes directly through the ductus arteriosus into the desending aorta by passing the lungs where it mixes with the blood from the proximal aorta 70% of cardiac output is carried by the ductus arteriosus to the desending aorta

14. The deoxygenated blood leaves the body by way of two umbilical arteries to reach the placenta where it is oxygenated & gets ready for recirculation The mean cardiac output is comparatively high in fetus & is estimated to be 350 ml/kg/min

15. CHANGES OF FETAL CIRCULATION AT BIRTH The hemodynamics of the fetal circulation undergoes profound changes soon after birth 1.CESSATION OF PLACENTAL BLOOD FLOW 2.INITIATION OF RESPIRATION

16. CLOSURE OF UMBILICAL ARTERY CLOSURE OF UMBILICAL VEIN CLOSURE OF DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS CLOSURE OF FORAMEN OVALE

17. Thank you