Field-of-Grammatical-Theory.powerpoint presentation

field of grammatical theory ppt

1. Field of
Grammatical
Theory
SUBJECT: INTRODUCTION TO GRAMMATICAL THEORIES
DISCUSSANT: LINETTE L. CABRERA

2. What is Grammar?
Is a set of rules for how a natural language is
structured, as demonstrated by its speakers or
writers.
Grammar rules may concern the use of clauses,
phrases, and words.
The term may also refer to the study of such rules
which includes phonology, morphology, and
syntax, together with semantics, and pragmatics.

3. What is Theory?
aplausibleor scientifically acceptable general
principle or body of principles offered to explain
phenomena
a belief, policy, or procedure proposed or
followed as the basis of action

4. What is Grammatical Theory?
These are set of rules that describe how one specific
language delivers a message thru text, and also
prescribed how a message must be delivered if you want
to be understood correctly.
It is prescriptive. It prescribes the way people speak, or
tell people how to speak and let people know the
correct way of their speaking.
It has majorly been restricted to mainly syntax, that is, the
way words making patterns to form sentences.
Grammatical Theories teach a language.

5. Field of Grammatical Theory
1. Universal Grammar
Universal Grammar Theory, proposed by Noam
Chomsky, thatall humans are born with an innate
ability to acquire, develop, and understand
language. We can look at grammar as the laws
that govern language, so humans are born with
an ability to understand these laws.

6. Field of Grammatical Theories
2. Cognitive Grammar
This Theory was developed by Ronald Langacker
in the 1980s and emphasized the role of cognition
in shaping grammar. According to cognitive
grammar, language is not set of rules, but rather a
set of patterns that emerge from our mental
representations of the world.

7. Field of Grammatical Theories
3. Systematic Functional Grammar
This theory was developed by Michael Halliday in
the 1960s and emphasizes the communicative
function of language. According to functional
grammar, language is a tool for communication,
and grammar serves to create meaning in
context.

8. Field of Grammatical Theories
4. Depending Grammar
This Theory was developed by Lucien Tasnièrein
the 1950s, emphasizes the relationships between
words in a sentence. According to dependency
grammar, the structure of a sentence is
determined by the relationships of words, rather
than by the set of rules.

9. Field of Grammatical Theories
5. Traditional Grammar
Traditional grammar refers to the type of
grammar study, done prior to the beginning of
modern linguistics. Grammar in the traditional
sense is the study of structure and formation of
words and sentences, usually without reference to
sound and meaning.

10. Field of Grammatical Theories
6. Structural Grammar
Structural Grammar, founded by Charles
Carpenter Fries, is concerned with how elements
of a sentence such as morphemes, phonology,
clauses, phrases and parts of speech are put
together. It deals with how these elements work
together to have a greater meaning than any of
the single elements.

11. Field of Grammatical Theories
6. Structural Grammar
Sheenatook the pencil.
Sheena took the pencil.

12. Field of Grammatical Theories
7. Transformational Grammar
Transformational Grammar (Transformational
Generative Grammar) proposed by Noam
Chomsky in 1957, is a system of language analysis
that recognizes the relationship among various
elements of sentences and among the possible
sentences of language and uses processes of rules
to express these relationships

13. Transformational Grammar is
achieved with the following:
1. Movement
A. The student entered the class quickly.
(Sentence)
B. The student quicklyentered the class.
(Movement)

14. Transformational Grammar is
achieved with the following:
2. Insertion
A. The girl ate the apple. (Active)
B. The apple was eaten by the girl. (Passive)

15. Transformational Grammar is
achieved with the following:
3. Deletion
A. The apple was eaten by the girl. (Passive)
B. The apple was eaten.

16. Transformational Grammar is
achieved with the following:
4. Substitution
A. The girl ate [the apple].
B. The girl ate [it].