Field Robotics Autonomous Robots for Silviculture and treatment

Forestry
Robot locomotion
Forestry Automation
SLAM in Forestry
Autonomous Robots for Silviculture and treatment
Broad Application: Automatic Guidance
Sowing, Weeding, Weeding, Spraying, Broad-acre harvesting
Horticulture: picking of fruits
Robot milking, Sheep Sheering
Slaughtering, Live stock Inspection
Robots in construction
Unsolved problems in construction

1. UNIT-2 Field Robotics Prepared by- Dr. Mohd Aslam PhD. in Mechanical Engineering Sharad Institute of Technology College of Engineering Yadrav , Kolhapur Maharashtra India 416121.

2. Contents Forestry Robot locomotion Forestry Automation SLAM in Forestry Autonomous Robots for Silviculture and treatment Broad Application: Automatic Guidance Sowing, Weeding, Weeding, Spraying, Broad-acre harvesting Horticulture: picking of fruits Robot milking, Sheep Sheering Slaughtering, Live stock Inspection Robots in construction Unsolved problems in construction SITCOE YADRAV 2

3. Robot milking SITCOE YADRAV 3

4. Sheep Sheering SITCOE YADRAV 4

5. Slaughtering: Process and Methods Slaughtering refers to the process of humanely killing animals for meat production, following ethical, legal, and sanitary guidelines. It is done in regulated facilities to ensure food safety, animal welfare, and quality meat production . 1. Pre-Slaughter Handling Animals are transported to the slaughterhouse in stress-free conditions to maintain meat quality. They are given time to rest and are provided with water. Veterinary inspections ensure the animals are healthy and fit for consumption . 2. Stunning (Making the Animal Unconscious) To ensure a humane and painless process , animals are stunned before slaughter using one of the following methods: Mechanical Stunning – A captive bolt gun delivers a quick, strong impact to the head (used for cattle, sheep). Electrical Stunning – An electric current is applied to render the animal unconscious (used for pigs, poultry). Gas Stunning – Animals are exposed to CO₂, leading to unconsciousness (used for pigs, poultry). 3. Bleeding (Exsanguination) Once unconscious, the animal’s main blood vessels are cut to drain the blood, as blood retention affects meat quality. This step is performed quickly to ensure minimal suffering . 4. Skinning & Dehairing Cattle & Sheep – The hide is removed carefully. Pigs – Dehairing machines use hot water and mechanical scraping. 5. Evisceration (Removing Internal Organs) Organs like the stomach, intestines, and liver are removed. Edible organs (liver, heart, kidneys) are separated for further processing. 6. Carcass Processing & Inspection The carcass is inspected for diseases or contamination . It is washed and sometimes aged for better meat quality. The meat is then chilled, cut, packaged, and distributed to markets. 7. Waste Management & By-Products Bones, fats, and hides are processed for leather, animal feed, or biofuel. Blood and waste are handled following environmental regulations . This process ensures that meat production remains ethical, safe, and efficient while following strict hygiene and animal welfare laws . SITCOE YADRAV 5

6. livestock inspection SITCOE YADRAV 6

7. Robots in construction SITCOE YADRAV 7

8. Unsolved problems in construction Unsolved Problems in Construction The construction industry faces several persistent challenges that limit efficiency, sustainability, and safety. Despite technological advancements, the following problems remain unsolved: 1. Labor Shortages & Workforce Skills Gap Lack of skilled workers due to aging workforce and declining interest in construction careers. Need for better training in new construction technologies (e.g., robotics, AI, BIM). 2. Cost Overruns & Project Delays Many projects exceed budget due to poor planning, supply chain disruptions, and unexpected site conditions . Delays due to weather, regulatory approvals, and inefficient management practices. 3. Safety Hazards & High Injury Rates Construction remains one of the most dangerous industries , with risks of falls, machinery accidents, and exposure to hazardous materials. Need for better implementation of automation, robotics, and wearable safety tech . 4. Sustainability & Environmental Impact High carbon footprint due to cement production, energy use, and waste generation . Slow adoption of eco-friendly materials and circular construction practices. 5. Slow Adoption of Technology Resistance to change and high costs slow down adoption of 3D printing, AI, IoT , and modular construction . Integration issues between new tech and traditional methods. SITCOE YADRAV 8

9. Unsolved problems in construction 6. Poor Infrastructure & Aging Buildings Many cities struggle with aging infrastructure , requiring massive investments in repair and maintenance. Difficulty in balancing historic preservation with modernization. 7. Material Shortages & Supply Chain Disruptions Dependence on global supply chains makes construction vulnerable to material shortages and price fluctuations . Need for local sourcing and alternative materials like engineered wood and recycled concrete. 8. Lack of Standardization & Inefficient Processes Many construction projects are still managed using fragmented workflows with poor communication. Lack of universal standards for prefabrication, BIM (Building Information Modeling), and sustainability compliance. 9. Climate Change & Extreme Weather Events Rising sea levels, hurricanes, and wildfires threaten existing infrastructure. Need for resilient construction techniques that withstand extreme conditions. 10. Waste Management & Recycling Challenges Construction and demolition waste account for 40% of global waste . Lack of efficient recycling solutions for materials like concrete and plastics. SITCOE YADRAV 9

10. Future Solutions ? Innovations like AI-driven project management, robotic automation, sustainable materials, and digital twins may help address these challenges, but widespread adoption is still slow. Would you like insights on specific solutions or emerging trends in construction? SITCOE YADRAV 10

11. Thank You SITCOE YADRAV 11