Figure of Speech - Some of Its Types with Examples

A figure of speech is a word or phrase that possesses a separate meaning from its literal definition. It can be a metaphor or simile designed to make a comparison. It can be the repetition of alliteration or the exaggeration of hyperbole to provide a dramatic effect. There are a wealth of these literary tools in the English language.

1. Figure of Speech Presented by: Mohammad Saeed BA.B Ed 2 nd Year

2. OBJECTIVE Express your ideas more clearly and vividly Capture the attention and interest of your audience Make your writing or speech more memorable and persuasive Enhance the emotional impact of your message Add humor, irony, or sarcasm to your tone Create imagery and symbolism in your text.

3. Figure of Speech A figure of speech is a word or phrase used in a non-literal sense for rhetorical or vivid effect. It adds creative and imaginative elements to language and is often used in literature, poetry, and everyday language.

4. Types of Figures of Speech Simile A simile is a figure of speech that directly compares two different things using the words “like” or “as” to make the comparison. Metaphor A metaphor is a figure of speech that describes an object or action in a way that isn't literally true, but helps explain an idea or make a comparison. Personification Personification is a figure of speech in which human attributes are given to an animal, object, or concept.

5. Simile Comparison with “Like” or “As” Similes draw comparisons between two different things in an explicit manner using the words “like” or “as.” Enhancing Descriptions They are used to make descriptions more vivid and engaging by creating a strong visual picture. EXAMPLE: 1 . My love is  like a red rose . 2. My brother and I  fight like cats and dogs  all the time. 3. Iniyan is always  as busy as a bee

6. Metaphor Figurative Meaning Metaphors create an implicit comparison between two unlike entities, and they can convey deeper symbolic meanings. They make language more colorful and interesting. Expressing Emotions Metaphors often provide a way to express intense emotions and abstract concepts in a more tangible form. EXAMPLE: 1. Natty was a cheetah in the race. 2. Shanthi is a night owl. 3. He is my shield.

7. Personification Human Characteristics Personification gives human qualities to non-human entities, allowing readers to better relate to and understand them . Creating Imager It helps in creating vivid and imaginative imagery by attributing human emotions and behaviors to non-human objects or concepts. EXAMPLE: 1. The sun kissed me while I was clicking a picture. 2.The flowers danced to the wind. 3.I felt like the food kept calling me.

8. Hyperbole Exaggerated Statements Hyperboles are exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally. They add emphasis and humor to a statement. Emphasizing Points Used to emphasize a point, hyperboles create a dramatic effect and help evoke strong emotions. EXAMPLE: I'm so hungry, I could eat a horse My feet are killing me That plane ride took forever This is the best book ever written

9. Alliteration 3 Sound Patterns Alliteration uses repetitive sounds and letters at the beginning of words to create pleasing, rhythmic effects. Fun Creative and Fun It adds a playful, musical quality to writing and is often used in poetry, slogans, and brand names. EXAMPLE: Claire, close your cluttered closet. The big bad bear bored the baby bunnies by the bushes. Shut the shutters before the shouting makes you shudder.

10. Onomatopoeia Imitating Sounds Onomatopoeia is the use of words that imitate the sounds they represent. Enhancing Sensory Experience It enhances the sensory experience of the reader and adds a layer of depth to the text. EXAMPLE: The sheep went, “ Baa .” The best part about music class is that you can  bang  on the drum. It is not unusual for a dog to  bark  when visitors arrive. Silence your cellphone so that it does not  beep  during the movie. Dad released a  belch  from the pit of his stomach.

11. Irony Contradictory Meanings Irony is the expression of an idea using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect. Powerful Literary Tool It is a powerful literary device that creates layers of meaning and adds complexity to storytelling. EXAMPLE: The name of India's biggest dog is "Tiny". You laughed at a person who slipped stepping on a banana peel and the next thing you know, you slipped too. My grave is like to be my wedding bed. The butter is as soft as a marble piece.

12. Examples of Figures of Speech Similes and Metaphors Examples of similes and metaphors from various literary works and everyday language . Personification in Action Real-life instances of personification in literature or advertisements, showcasing its captivating effect. Highlighted Hyperboles Exaggerated statements from literature, speeches, or song lyrics to demonstrate the impact of hyperbole.

13. Exercise Identify the Figure of Speech The thief was as sly as a fox. Upon explanation, the concept was as clear as crystal to Rahul. The soldier jumped on the enemies like a hungry lion. The camel is the ship of the desert. The dentist had a severe toothache. Mr. Sharma thought the sweets were calling him. It seemed that the sky was going to cry the entire night. I would forgive you when pigs fly.

14. Answer Of Exercise The thief was as sly as a fox. –  Simile Upon explanation, the concept was as clear as crystal to Rahul. –  Simile The soldier jumped on the enemies like a hungry lion. –  Simile The camel is the ship of the desert. –  Metaphor The dentist had a severe toothache. –  Irony Mr. Sharma thought the sweets were calling him. –  Personification It seemed that the sky was going to cry the entire night. –  Personification I would forgive you when pigs fly. –  Hyperbole

15. CONCLUSION Expression Enrichment Figures of speech enhance writing by providing depth, color, and creativity, enriching the expression of ideas and emotions. Reader Engagement They captivate readers by creating vivid mental images, evoking emotions, and making the text more relatable. Enhanced Communication Using figures of speech improves communication, conveying complex ideas with clarity and impact.

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