Final CAPNOCYTOPHAGA INFECTION by Gauri Gawande.pptx

Capnocytophaga Infection

1. Dr D Y PATIL COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, AKURDI CAPNOCYTOPHAGA INFECTION Guided by : Prof A V Kulkarni Sir Created by : Gauri P Gawande Subject : Seminar M pharm 1 st yr

2. Contents: Introduction Disease Found in Pets and Capnocytophaga germs Various Species of Capnocytophaga General Characteristics Identification Risk factors & Complications Epidemiology How do people get infected with Capnocytophaga Signs and Symptoms Treatment Prevention

3. 3 Introdution : Dogs and cats typically have the bacteria Capnocytophaga canimorsus in their mouths. It extracts N-acetylglucosamine, a substance required for its outer layer, from the constituents of dog and cat saliva. The bacteria don't cause any infection to dog and cat but when it enter in humans it becomes a pathogen i.e. a microbe that can infect a host and spread illness. Bite and general animal contact are the main ways that Capnocytophaga canimorsus spreads.

4. 4 Disease: Bite and general animal contact are the main ways that Capnocytophaga canimorsus spreads. C. Canimorsus infection symptoms typically manifest one to eight days following exposure, with day two being the most common time. It remains immune system undiscovered while feeding on its human host. The specialist immune cells known as macrophages do not pick it up. The majority of adult infections with Capnocytophaga happen to those over 40. Pregnant mothers and their unborn children may become seriously ill as a result of capnocytophaga bacteria. Chorioamnionitis, an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the foetus in the womb, can result from infection during the latter weeks of pregnancy. It can also result in low birth weight in the baby and sepsis, a dangerous infection of the body's tissues or bloodstream.

5. Found in: People can contract the common canine and feline germs known as rhinocytophaga by being bitten or coming into close contact with these animals. Dog bites and dog contact are more frequently associated with infections . Some persons who have the bacteria in their own mouths may become unwell due to other Capnocytophaga germs that are also present in human mouths. This kind of illness is more common in immunocompromised individuals than in healthy ones. Even after a bite, most interactions with dogs and cats do not result in a Capnocytophaga infection or any other disease. However, you should exercise caution whenever you come into touch with animals, particularly if you have a medical condition that increases your risk of infection.

6. Pets and  Capnocytophaga  Germs :   Oral flora, or oral microbiota, is the collection of bacteria found in the mouths of most dogs and cats. The animals do not become ill from these pathogens. Animals may receive medication to temporarily eradicate the bacteria, but after coming into touch with other animals, they will probably re-infect themselves. Based on your health, discuss with your doctor how to safeguard yourself when you interact with animals.

7. VARIOUS SPECIES OF CAPNOCYTOPHAGA: Capnocytophaga ochracea Capnocytophaga gingivalis Capnocytophaga sputigena Capnocytophaga hemolytica Capnocytophaga granulosa Capnocytophaga canimorsus( responsible for majority of infections) Capnocytophaga cynodegmi

8. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Gram negative Facultative Anaerobic Long, thin & Fusiform bacilli Gliding movement Slow growing Capnophilic “Carbon loving”

9. 10 IDENTIFICATION: By conventional culture methods DNA probes Biotinylated DNA probe DETECTION: No specific methods

10. 11 Risk factors: Use alcohol excessively Do not have a spleen ( asplenic ) Cancer Diabetes HIV infection Are taking drugs that are toxic to cells (such as chemotherapy) Complications: Periodontal (gum) disease Respiratory tract infections (infections of the mouth, nose, throat, and lungs) Eye infections Septicemia (blood infection) Endocarditis (inflammation of the lining of the heart) Abscesses (collections of pus in the tissue that cause redness and swelling) in various body tissues Inflammation of the eyes, face, lymph nodes or brain membranes

11. 12 The majority of adult infections with Capnocytophaga happen to those over 40. Little children have also been diagnosed with cases, though. Pregnant mothers and their unborn children may become seriously sick as a result of capnocytophaga bacteria. Chorioamnionitis, an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the fetus in the womb, can result from infection during the latter weeks of pregnancy. It can also result in low birth weight in the baby and sepsis, a dangerous infection of the body's tissues or circulation.

12. Worldwide reports of C. canimorsus infection have been made. It is estimated that 18–57% of cats and 26-74% of dogs have C. canimorsus in their mouths. Infections typically affect high-risk individuals rather than healthy ones. These are persons who have pre-existing medical issues, such as those who use steroids, are alcoholics, or lack a spleen. Elderly and middle-aged people are also more susceptible to illness. Regularly handling cats and dogs is another risk factor. Epidemiology

13. How Do People Get Infected with  Capnocytophaga ? Numerous Capnocytophaga germs are common normal bacteria that are frequently discovered in people's, dogs', and cats' mouths. These bacteria can occasionally result in opportunistic infections, which implies that, under certain situations, such as in an individual with a compromised immune system, they can induce an infection. Individuals with compromised immune systems comprise those who:

14. 15 Signs and Symptoms: After being bitten, most people who become ill will show symptoms within 3 to 5 days, but this can range anywhere from 1 to 14 days.

15. 16 Treatment of  Capnocytophaga  Infection: (50% are resistant to fluroquinolones) Piperacillin-Tazobactam: 4.5 gm 1 dose, 3.375gm IV q 8 hrs (Add vancomycin if Hx . MRSA. +/- clindamycin or metronidazole. discontinue after culture results available) Imipenem- Cilastatin : 500mg IV 6hrs. Meropenem: 1 gm IV 8 hrs. Clindamycin: 600 mg IV 6 hrs. If severe penicillin allergy

16. 17 Prevention of  Capnocytophaga  Infection: Prevent dog bites to avoid the infection of Capnocytophaga. Seek medical attention right away if, within 14 days of the bite, you develop symptoms. Keep your cat or dog from leaking on the wound. Even if you don't feel ill, wash the bite area as soon as possible with soap and water after being bitten by a dog or cat and contact your doctor. This is due to the possibility of both rabies and Capnocytophaga arising from dog and cat bites.

17. 18 References: https://www.cdc.gov/capnocytophaga/pets/index.html Lion, C., F. Escande , and J. C. Burdin . "Capnocytophaga canimorsus infections in human: review of the literature and cases report."  European journal of epidemiology  12 (1996): 521-533. https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-to-know-capnocytophaga https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/capnocytophaga-in-periodontics-ppt/29944502 Zajkowska , Joanna, et al. "Capnocytophaga canimorsus–an underestimated danger after dog or cat bite–review of literature."  Przegl Epidemiol  70.2 (2016): 289-295.

18. 19 Thank You