FINAL MANAAAAAHAN, R. EARTH SCIENCE.pptx

LP

1. HYDROLOGIC CYCLE Running Water: Stream Flow, Drainage, Flood Reporter: Rezel Yenn Manahan

2. Water is constantly being cycled between the atmosphere, the ocean and land. This cycling is a very important process that helps sustain life on Earth. HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

3. Evaporation Condensation Precipitation Infiltration Run-off PROCESSES OF WATER CYCLE

4. STREAMFLOW The ability of a stream to erode and transport materials depends largely on its velocity. RUNNING WATER

5. CHANNEL CHARACTERISTICS The stream channel is the course the water in a stream follows. Shape, size, and roughness • Discharge of a stream is the volume of water flowing past a certain point in a given unit of time

6. CHANGES FROM UPSTREAM TO DOWNSTREAM While gradient decreases between a stream’s headwaters and mouth, discharge increases. Profile Cross-sectional view of a stream From head (source) to mouth Profile is a smooth curve Gradient decreases from the head to the mouth

7. Factors that increase downstream Factors that decrease downstream CHANGES FROM UPSTREAM TO DOWNSTREAM •A tributary is a stream that empties into another stream Profile velocity discharge channel size gradient, or slope channel roughness

8. A stream in a broad, flat-bottomed valley that is near its base level often develops a course with many bends called meanders. Two general types CHANGES FROM UPSTREAM TO DOWNSTREAM Lowest point to which a stream can erode  Base Level - ultimate—sea level temporary, or local

9. Rivers with Many Meanders

10.  A stream’s bedload is solid material too large to carry in suspension. DEPOSITION The capacity of a stream is the maximum load it can carry. Deposition occurs as streamflow drops below the critical settling velocity o certain particle size. The deposits are called alluvium.

11. STREAM VALLEYS  Narrow Valleys A narrow V-shaped valley shows that the stream’s primary work has been downcutting toward base level. The Yellowstone River Is an Example? of a V-Shaped Valley

12. STREAM VALLEYS  Wide Valleys • Stream is near base level. -Downward erosion is less dominant. -Stream energy is directed from side to side. • The floodplain is the flat, low-lying portion of stream valley subject to periodic flooding. • Features often include meanders cutoffs oxbow lakes

13. FLOOD  Flood occurs when the discharge of a stream becomes so great that it exceeds the capacity of its channel and overflows its banks.  Measures to control flooding include artificial levees, flood control dams, and placing limits on floodplain development.

14. The removal of excess water either from the ground surface or from the rootzone. DRAINAGE

15.  TYPES OF DRAINAGE • Surface drainage removal of excess water from the surface of the land • Subsurface Drainage the removal of water from the rootzone ▪ Deep open drains ▪ Pipe drains

16. ▪ Pipe drains Pipe drains are buried pipes with openings through which the soil water can enter. ▪ Deep open drains The excess water from the rootzone flows into the open drains

17. Resources HHS Science - Mr. Gerber - Running Water and Groundwater. (n.d.). https://sites.google.com/a/hico-isd.net/hico-hs-science-mr-gerber/home/earth-science/the-solid-earth/running-water-and-groundwater Laura Neser, 2023. Introduction to Earth Science by Laura Neser is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Lutgens, F. K., Tarbuck, E. J., & Tasa, D. G. (2016). Foundations of earth science (8th ed.). Pearson. Neser, L. (2022, December 13). Introduction to Earth Science. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/items/b8fa13cc-b65a-48ec-904b-d83f9e66d148

18. TEACHING STRATEGIES

19. 1. Use Interactive Models and Simulations 2. Learning with Games and Activities 3. Infusing Technology into Study Plans

20. 4. Inspiring Learners by Connecting to Career Prospects 5. Connecting the Topic to Real-World Applications 5 Creative Ways to Teach Principles of the Water Cycle. (n.d.). https://www.labster.com/blog/5-creative-ways-teach-principles-water-cycle?fbclid=IwAR1PLSwv3YDZQn5tH9TCJktraZ6_QGtp0-irge9_P87dTSqesF2cO1qnfZo

21. THANK YOU