FINAL PROJECT REPORT IOT BASED AUTOMATED IRRIGATION SYSTEM
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About This Presentation
IOT BASED AUTOMATED IRRIGATION SYSTEM.
The project aims to implement an IoT solution that will help to automate agriculture tasks as per the following.
i) To design a system that used to monitored a Temperature, Humidity and Soil Moisture for plants grow up better. ii) To produce a device that meas...
Slide Content
IOT BASED AUTOMATED IRRIGATION SYSTEM
by
MOHD SHAHRIL AFFANDI B ABD MAJID (181033125) (RK86)
MOHD FARIS AIMAN BIN ROSELI (181033364) (RK86)
MOHD ZAIDI BIN ZAINOL (181033373) (RK86)
KOGUNEN A/L SENDEKISAGER (181033117) (RK86)
Supervisor:
DR. NORHAYATI BT SABANI
A report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for
EMT 381– Microelectronic Design Project
EMT 382 – Electronic Design Project
FACULTY OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS
JULY 2021
by
MOHD SHAHRIL AFFANDI B ABD MAJID (181033125) (RK86)
MOHD FARIS AIMAN BIN ROSELI (181033364) (RK86)
MOHD ZAIDI BIN ZAINOL (181033373) (RK86)
KOGUNEN A/L SENDEKISAGER (181033117) (RK86)
Supervisor:
DR. NORHAYATI BT SABANI
A report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for
EMT 381– Microelectronic Design Project
EMT 382 – Electronic Design Project
FACULTY OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS
JULY 2021
2
Declaration Sheet
We declare that the report entitled IOT BASED AUTOMATED IRRIGATION
SYSTEM and the work presented in the report are both our own, and have been
generated by us as the result of our own original design project. We confirm that this
report is made to appropriate standard in terms of scope, quality and presentation as
partial fulfilment of the requirement for Design Project Course in University
Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP).
Signature :
Leader Name : MOHD SHAHRIL AFFANDI B ABD MAJID (181033125)
Date : 26.7.2021
Signature :
Member Name : MOHD FARIS AIMAN BIN ROSELI (181033364)
Date : 26.7.2021
Signature :
Member Name : KOGUNEN A/L SENDEKISAGER (181033117)
Date : 26.7.2021
Signature :
Member Name : MOHD ZAIDI BIN ZAINOL (181033373)
Date : 26.7.2021
Checked and approved by
………………………………………………….
(DR NORHAYATI SABANI)
Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology
University Malaysia Perlis
(Date: ..................................)
Declaration Sheet
We declare that the report entitled IOT BASED AUTOMATED IRRIGATION
SYSTEM and the work presented in the report are both our own, and have been
generated by us as the result of our own original design project. We confirm that this
report is made to appropriate standard in terms of scope, quality and presentation as
partial fulfilment of the requirement for Design Project Course in University
Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP).
Signature :
Leader Name : MOHD SHAHRIL AFFANDI B ABD MAJID (181033125)
Date : 26.7.2021
Signature :
Member Name : MOHD FARIS AIMAN BIN ROSELI (181033364)
Date : 26.7.2021
Signature :
Member Name : KOGUNEN A/L SENDEKISAGER (181033117)
Date : 26.7.2021
Signature :
Member Name : MOHD ZAIDI BIN ZAINOL (181033373)
Date : 26.7.2021
Checked and approved by
………………………………………………….
(DR NORHAYATI SABANI)
Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology
University Malaysia Perlis
(Date: ..................................)
3
Acknowledgement
We would like to express our sincere appreciation to our supervisor DR NORHAYATI
SABANI. The project can be completed perfectly with the resources and facilities
from faculty. Besides, his perceptive suggestions, guidance and support, and extra
time to meet with us has helped us in completion of the project
Finally, we would like to express our gratitude of best regards to our family and
friends in supporting us to complete this project. The project cannot be completed
smoothly without their moral support and inspiration.
First and foremost, I acknowledge my Allah S.W.T, who gives our team peace and
hope. We see science as an investigation into the mysteries of creation.
Special appreciation goes to our parents of team members and all our family
members for their continued love, supportive, understanding and motivation throughout our
life as a student. Your understanding, love, and encouragement were invaluable to us.
I would like to thank my supervisor DR. NORHAYATI SABANI for her
encouragement, supervision and support that made this project possible. She had taken a lot
of effort to meticulously go through our report and came up with helpful suggestions.
Without advice and knowledge from her, surely came into deep problem in completing this
project.
We also would like to thank to all members of Degree Electronic Engineering
UniMAP which helped us on all the instruments that we needed to make this project
successful.
Finally, I would like to thank you to the all lecturers, staffs and all who has directly
and indirectly involved in the production of this project. Going through these difficulties
together helped us accomplish more than we could have alone and also exposed us a little
bit to the engineering world. We really appreciate the support you have given to us. Your
help and cooperation will never be forgotten from our memory.
Acknowledgement
We would like to express our sincere appreciation to our supervisor DR NORHAYATI
SABANI. The project can be completed perfectly with the resources and facilities
from faculty. Besides, his perceptive suggestions, guidance and support, and extra
time to meet with us has helped us in completion of the project
Finally, we would like to express our gratitude of best regards to our family and
friends in supporting us to complete this project. The project cannot be completed
smoothly without their moral support and inspiration.
First and foremost, I acknowledge my Allah S.W.T, who gives our team peace and
hope. We see science as an investigation into the mysteries of creation.
Special appreciation goes to our parents of team members and all our family
members for their continued love, supportive, understanding and motivation throughout our
life as a student. Your understanding, love, and encouragement were invaluable to us.
I would like to thank my supervisor DR. NORHAYATI SABANI for her
encouragement, supervision and support that made this project possible. She had taken a lot
of effort to meticulously go through our report and came up with helpful suggestions.
Without advice and knowledge from her, surely came into deep problem in completing this
project.
We also would like to thank to all members of Degree Electronic Engineering
UniMAP which helped us on all the instruments that we needed to make this project
successful.
Finally, I would like to thank you to the all lecturers, staffs and all who has directly
and indirectly involved in the production of this project. Going through these difficulties
together helped us accomplish more than we could have alone and also exposed us a little
bit to the engineering world. We really appreciate the support you have given to us. Your
help and cooperation will never be forgotten from our memory.
4
Table of Contents
Declaration Sheet …………………………………………………………………………………………… ..………………i
Acknowledgement ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………….ii
Table of Contents …………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ..………………iii
List of Tables ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..………………..iv
List of Figures ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..……………….v
Chapter 1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..……………….1
Introduction …………………………………………………………… ……………………………………… ..……………….1
1.1 Project Background ……………………………………………………………………… ..………………..1
1.2 Market Survey ………………………………………………………………………………… ..……………..1
1.3 Formulation of survey questions …………………………………………………….……………….2
1.4 Target participants of survey …………………………………………………….…………………….3
1.5 Survey outcome ………………………………………………………………………… .……………………3
1.6 Problem Statement …………………………………………………………………… .……………………6
1.7 Project Objectives ………………………………………………………………… ..…..…………………..7
1.8 Project Scope ………………………………………………………………………………… ...……………..7
Chapter 2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… .………………………..8
Methodology …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8
2.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8
2.2 Preparation of the project………………………………………………………………………………… 9
2.2.1 Flow Chart of Progress Development ……………………………………………… 9
2.3 Components and Descriptions ……………………………………………………………..………… 13
2.3.1 Sensor …………………………………………………… ………………………………… ……….15
2.3.2 IOT Platform ………………………………………………………………………………… …16
2.3.3 Wiring diagram …………………………………………………… ……………………….….19
2.4 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………….20
Chapter 3 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 21
Results and Discussion ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 21
3.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………… …………………………..21
3.2 Results …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 22
3.2.1 Monitoring system ……………………………………… ………………………………… …22
3.2.2 Arduino Programming ………………………………………………………… ……..…..24
3.3 Result and Discussion ……………………………………………………………………………………… 25
3.3.1 Web base Application……………………………………………………………………….26
3.3.1 Discussion………………..……………………………………………………………………….26
3.4 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 30
Chapter 4 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… .31
Project Design Consideration …………………………………………………………………………………………… ..31
4.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..31
4.2 Health and Safety …………………………………………………………………………………………… .31
4.3 Cultural and benefit to society ………………………………………………………………………… 32
4.4 Environmental and Sustainability Consideration …………………………………………… 33
Chapter 5 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 35
Project Management and Finance ……………………………………………………………………………………… 35
5.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..35
5.2 Project Management ……………………………………………………………………………………… ..35
5.2.1 Gantt chart ……………………………………………………………………………………… ..35
5.2.2 Work breakdown structure ………………………………………………… ..………….36
5.2.3 Milestones ……………………………………………………………………………… ..……….37
5.3 Costing …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..……….38
5.3.1 Capital Cost …………………………………………………………………………… ...…..…..38
5.3.2 Operational Cost ……………………………………………………… ……………………….38
5.3.3 Materials Cost …………………………………………………………………………………… 39
Table of Contents
Declaration Sheet …………………………………………………………………………………………… ..………………i
Acknowledgement ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………….ii
Table of Contents …………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ..………………iii
List of Tables ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..………………..iv
List of Figures ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..……………….v
Chapter 1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..……………….1
Introduction …………………………………………………………… ……………………………………… ..……………….1
1.1 Project Background ……………………………………………………………………… ..………………..1
1.2 Market Survey ………………………………………………………………………………… ..……………..1
1.3 Formulation of survey questions …………………………………………………….……………….2
1.4 Target participants of survey …………………………………………………….…………………….3
1.5 Survey outcome ………………………………………………………………………… .……………………3
1.6 Problem Statement …………………………………………………………………… .……………………6
1.7 Project Objectives ………………………………………………………………… ..…..…………………..7
1.8 Project Scope ………………………………………………………………………………… ...……………..7
Chapter 2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… .………………………..8
Methodology …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8
2.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8
2.2 Preparation of the project………………………………………………………………………………… 9
2.2.1 Flow Chart of Progress Development ……………………………………………… 9
2.3 Components and Descriptions ……………………………………………………………..………… 13
2.3.1 Sensor …………………………………………………… ………………………………… ……….15
2.3.2 IOT Platform ………………………………………………………………………………… …16
2.3.3 Wiring diagram …………………………………………………… ……………………….….19
2.4 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………….20
Chapter 3 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 21
Results and Discussion ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 21
3.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………… …………………………..21
3.2 Results …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 22
3.2.1 Monitoring system ……………………………………… ………………………………… …22
3.2.2 Arduino Programming ………………………………………………………… ……..…..24
3.3 Result and Discussion ……………………………………………………………………………………… 25
3.3.1 Web base Application……………………………………………………………………….26
3.3.1 Discussion………………..……………………………………………………………………….26
3.4 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 30
Chapter 4 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… .31
Project Design Consideration …………………………………………………………………………………………… ..31
4.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..31
4.2 Health and Safety …………………………………………………………………………………………… .31
4.3 Cultural and benefit to society ………………………………………………………………………… 32
4.4 Environmental and Sustainability Consideration …………………………………………… 33
Chapter 5 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 35
Project Management and Finance ……………………………………………………………………………………… 35
5.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..35
5.2 Project Management ……………………………………………………………………………………… ..35
5.2.1 Gantt chart ……………………………………………………………………………………… ..35
5.2.2 Work breakdown structure ………………………………………………… ..………….36
5.2.3 Milestones ……………………………………………………………………………… ..……….37
5.3 Costing …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..……….38
5.3.1 Capital Cost …………………………………………………………………………… ...…..…..38
5.3.2 Operational Cost ……………………………………………………… ……………………….38
5.3.3 Materials Cost …………………………………………………………………………………… 39
5
5.4 Commercialization Potential ……………………………………………………………… ..………….40
Chapter 6 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 41
Conclusion and Future Work ………………………………………………………………………………… ……………41
6.1 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 41
6.2 Future work ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 43
Appendix A Meeting Minutes ……………………………………………………………………………………… ..……44
Appendix B ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..………..48
References …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 53
5.4 Commercialization Potential ……………………………………………………………… ..………….40
Chapter 6 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 41
Conclusion and Future Work ………………………………………………………………………………… ……………41
6.1 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 41
6.2 Future work ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 43
Appendix A Meeting Minutes ……………………………………………………………………………………… ..……44
Appendix B ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..………..48
References …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 53
6
List of Tables
Table 1.1: The implementation of survey predicted and actual responses. 2
Table 2.1: List of components and estimation cost 13
Table 2.2 : Pin wiring 19
Table 5.1 Gantt chart 35
Table 5.2 Work breakdown structure of members 36
Table 5.3 Project Milestone table 38
Table 5.4 Material cost 40
List of Tables
Table 1.1: The implementation of survey predicted and actual responses. 2
Table 2.1: List of components and estimation cost 13
Table 2.2 : Pin wiring 19
Table 5.1 Gantt chart 35
Table 5.2 Work breakdown structure of members 36
Table 5.3 Project Milestone table 38
Table 5.4 Material cost 40
7
List of Figures
Note: To update, right click > Update field > Update entire table
Figure 1.1 : The outcome distribution for gender. 3
Figure 1.2 : Farm location 3
Figure 1.3 : Farm category 4
Figure 1.4 : Types of crops cultivated 4
Figure 1.5 : Agricultural techniques are practiced 5
Figure 1.6 : Method of watering crops 5
Figure 1.7 : Figure label 6
Figure 2.1 : Flow chart Operational of Project 9
Figure 2.2 : Flow chart functional system 11
Figure 2.3 : DHT 11 Temperature and humidity sensor 15
Figure 2.4 : YL-69 Soil Moisture Sensor 15
Figure 2.5 : Real Project View Plan 17
Figure 2.6 : 3D Plan Project Plan 18
Figure 2.7 : Project wiring diagram 19
Figure 3.1 : Prototype of IOT Based Irrigation system 21
Figure 3.2 : LCD Display 22
Figure 3.3 : Dashboard IOT information 23
Figure 3.5 : temperature dashboard 24
Figure 3.6 : Temp vs Dry Level Dashboard 25
Figure 3.7 : Histogram of temperature variation dashboard 26
Figure 3.8 : Reading test 27
Figure 3.9 : Function Test 27
Figure 3.10 : Moisture sensor when dry >75 28
Figure 3.12 : 3 day Dry level comparison 29
Figure 3.12 : Soil level comparison 29
Figure 3.12 : Moisture sensor after 1 Month 30
List of Figures
Note: To update, right click > Update field > Update entire table
Figure 1.1 : The outcome distribution for gender. 3
Figure 1.2 : Farm location 3
Figure 1.3 : Farm category 4
Figure 1.4 : Types of crops cultivated 4
Figure 1.5 : Agricultural techniques are practiced 5
Figure 1.6 : Method of watering crops 5
Figure 1.7 : Figure label 6
Figure 2.1 : Flow chart Operational of Project 9
Figure 2.2 : Flow chart functional system 11
Figure 2.3 : DHT 11 Temperature and humidity sensor 15
Figure 2.4 : YL-69 Soil Moisture Sensor 15
Figure 2.5 : Real Project View Plan 17
Figure 2.6 : 3D Plan Project Plan 18
Figure 2.7 : Project wiring diagram 19
Figure 3.1 : Prototype of IOT Based Irrigation system 21
Figure 3.2 : LCD Display 22
Figure 3.3 : Dashboard IOT information 23
Figure 3.5 : temperature dashboard 24
Figure 3.6 : Temp vs Dry Level Dashboard 25
Figure 3.7 : Histogram of temperature variation dashboard 26
Figure 3.8 : Reading test 27
Figure 3.9 : Function Test 27
Figure 3.10 : Moisture sensor when dry >75 28
Figure 3.12 : 3 day Dry level comparison 29
Figure 3.12 : Soil level comparison 29
Figure 3.12 : Moisture sensor after 1 Month 30
1
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Project Background
Tomatoes are the most popular vegetables grown in the home garden. One of
the reasons is that they are relatively easy to grow. But this does not mean they
require no care at all. One of the most crucial parts of their care is knowing how
much water tomato plants need. Tomato plants that grow in a pot or container have
a unique water requirement compared to plants that grow on soils. The watering
frequency depends upon the size of the container, weather condition, and the type of
tomato growing in the pot. A bush type tomato growing in a 5-gallon container needs
water every day; sometimes twice a day during the hot summer months and when
the plant is actively producing tomatoes. The moisture of the soil is depending on
amount of the water in a pot and temperature [1]. A study by Nusa Cendana
University found that ideal level of soil moisture level is 70%-80% [2]. Watering is
a determinant factor in supporting tomato plant growth [2]. The main purpose of
watering tomato plants is to ensure that they have sufficient water to sustain
themselves and perform necessary physiological activities [3]. By using IOT
technology, most of the manual operation could be automated in the system control.
The system could collect data such as temperature, humidity and moisture level for
study purpose in order to identify tomato habit and activity. In this project, we need
to develop a system that can collect a data such as temperature, humidity and soil
moisture level where it can be access in real-time
1.2 Market Survey
Market survey is separated into several sections covering different aspects of
the proposed project theme. The objective of market survey is to ensure the
awareness of the public towards design project that has been developed and carried
out to obtained the effectiveness of the project theme.
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Project Background
Tomatoes are the most popular vegetables grown in the home garden. One of
the reasons is that they are relatively easy to grow. But this does not mean they
require no care at all. One of the most crucial parts of their care is knowing how
much water tomato plants need. Tomato plants that grow in a pot or container have
a unique water requirement compared to plants that grow on soils. The watering
frequency depends upon the size of the container, weather condition, and the type of
tomato growing in the pot. A bush type tomato growing in a 5-gallon container needs
water every day; sometimes twice a day during the hot summer months and when
the plant is actively producing tomatoes. The moisture of the soil is depending on
amount of the water in a pot and temperature [1]. A study by Nusa Cendana
University found that ideal level of soil moisture level is 70%-80% [2]. Watering is
a determinant factor in supporting tomato plant growth [2]. The main purpose of
watering tomato plants is to ensure that they have sufficient water to sustain
themselves and perform necessary physiological activities [3]. By using IOT
technology, most of the manual operation could be automated in the system control.
The system could collect data such as temperature, humidity and moisture level for
study purpose in order to identify tomato habit and activity. In this project, we need
to develop a system that can collect a data such as temperature, humidity and soil
moisture level where it can be access in real-time
1.2 Market Survey
Market survey is separated into several sections covering different aspects of
the proposed project theme. The objective of market survey is to ensure the
awareness of the public towards design project that has been developed and carried
out to obtained the effectiveness of the project theme.
2
1.3 Formulation of survey questions
This project were used open ended and close ended approach in order to design the
questionnaire. Basically this project consist of ten question were three of them are
background information of the respondent meanwhile the remaining question are
focused on the objective of this design project. Using closed-ended question ease the
data collection since the choice are more precise. The main objective of this
questionnaire is to find out the importance and benefits of this project towards the
society. The question was distribute using social media platform such as Facebook,
WhatsApp’s and telegram. Table 1.1 shows the survey conducted for this project.
Table 1.1 shows the survey conducted for this project.
Table 1.1: The implementation of survey predicted and actual responses.
Survey Platform Number of targeted questionnaire Actual response
Facebook 13 8
Email 8 0
WhatsApp’s 5 4
Through the results of this survey, we can find out the problems faced by farmers,
and it also gives us the opportunity to solve problems faced by introducing the
concept of technology based on IR 4.0 in helping farmers to use IR4.0 technology.
1.3 Formulation of survey questions
This project were used open ended and close ended approach in order to design the
questionnaire. Basically this project consist of ten question were three of them are
background information of the respondent meanwhile the remaining question are
focused on the objective of this design project. Using closed-ended question ease the
data collection since the choice are more precise. The main objective of this
questionnaire is to find out the importance and benefits of this project towards the
society. The question was distribute using social media platform such as Facebook,
WhatsApp’s and telegram. Table 1.1 shows the survey conducted for this project.
Table 1.1 shows the survey conducted for this project.
Table 1.1: The implementation of survey predicted and actual responses.
Survey Platform Number of targeted questionnaire Actual response
Facebook 13 8
Email 8 0
WhatsApp’s 5 4
Through the results of this survey, we can find out the problems faced by farmers,
and it also gives us the opportunity to solve problems faced by introducing the
concept of technology based on IR 4.0 in helping farmers to use IR4.0 technology.
3
1.4 Target participants of survey
The survey results on the target group namely farmers have provided an
impact and picture of the difficulties and problems faced by farmers, especially
farmers with large-scale crops, namely the farm category and modern farmers. They
have the problem of optimizing the rate of water use for the purpose to water their
crops, especially in the dry season and in the early stages of growth of their crops.
While for the category of modern farmers who plant their crops in residential areas,
for example, have a similar problem that a relatively high cost is required to water
their crops because the cost of water is charged according to the charge housing rate.
Introduce IR 4.0 systems to farmers so that problems can be solved easily,
effectively, and can help farmers know the data/information needed by each crop
they cultivate. With the help of the use of technology, it is hoped to attract young
people, especially university graduates to further boost the development of the crop
industry. With ideas and energy that are still fresh, it is hoped that these young people
can innovate the use of IR 4.0 as the country wants to introduce.
1.5 Survey Outcome
1.1 Figure 1.1 shows the gender outcome that extracted from the questionnaire
respondent. Overall, we managed to get 35 respondents where 42.9% of them are
female meanwhile 57.1% are male.
Figure 1.1: The outcome distribution base on gender.
1.4 Target participants of survey
The survey results on the target group namely farmers have provided an
impact and picture of the difficulties and problems faced by farmers, especially
farmers with large-scale crops, namely the farm category and modern farmers. They
have the problem of optimizing the rate of water use for the purpose to water their
crops, especially in the dry season and in the early stages of growth of their crops.
While for the category of modern farmers who plant their crops in residential areas,
for example, have a similar problem that a relatively high cost is required to water
their crops because the cost of water is charged according to the charge housing rate.
Introduce IR 4.0 systems to farmers so that problems can be solved easily,
effectively, and can help farmers know the data/information needed by each crop
they cultivate. With the help of the use of technology, it is hoped to attract young
people, especially university graduates to further boost the development of the crop
industry. With ideas and energy that are still fresh, it is hoped that these young people
can innovate the use of IR 4.0 as the country wants to introduce.
1.5 Survey Outcome
1.1 Figure 1.1 shows the gender outcome that extracted from the questionnaire
respondent. Overall, we managed to get 35 respondents where 42.9% of them are
female meanwhile 57.1% are male.
Figure 1.1: The outcome distribution base on gender.
4
Figure 1.2: Farm Location
From figure 1.2 Majority of the respondents are from city area where it is 66.7%
compared to rural. It shows that it is trend demand from urban agriculture.
Figure 1.3: Farm category
From figure 1.3 66.7% of respondents come from modern farmers and 33.3%
are from farm farmer. The is no subsistence farmer involve. Base on this trend,
modern farmer has committed with technology of agriculture.
Figure 1.4: Types of crops cultivated
Figure 1.4 shown the type of crop cultivated. Fruit vegetables are highest in
crops cultivation, followed by leafy vegetables and stem vegetables. We can
conclude that the demand of fruity vegetables are still exist in the current time
like tomato and eggplant.
Figure 1.2: Farm Location
From figure 1.2 Majority of the respondents are from city area where it is 66.7%
compared to rural. It shows that it is trend demand from urban agriculture.
Figure 1.3: Farm category
From figure 1.3 66.7% of respondents come from modern farmers and 33.3%
are from farm farmer. The is no subsistence farmer involve. Base on this trend,
modern farmer has committed with technology of agriculture.
Figure 1.4: Types of crops cultivated
Figure 1.4 shown the type of crop cultivated. Fruit vegetables are highest in
crops cultivation, followed by leafy vegetables and stem vegetables. We can
conclude that the demand of fruity vegetables are still exist in the current time
like tomato and eggplant.
5
Figure 1.5: Agricultural techniques are practiced.
Based on Figure 1.5 we notice that most of respondents are still using traditional
method. It happen because of lack of knowledge and equipment of modern and
automated system.
Figure 1.6: Method of watering crops
Based on Figure 1.6 most of respondents are still using man power to watering their
crops. The automated system are not commercial to the farmer. The other agency
should take part in order to educate farmer with the current technology.
Figure 1.5: Agricultural techniques are practiced.
Based on Figure 1.5 we notice that most of respondents are still using traditional
method. It happen because of lack of knowledge and equipment of modern and
automated system.
Figure 1.6: Method of watering crops
Based on Figure 1.6 most of respondents are still using man power to watering their
crops. The automated system are not commercial to the farmer. The other agency
should take part in order to educate farmer with the current technology.
6
1.6 Problem Statement
In this project, we suppose to solve irrigation problem. Conventional irrigation
system will procedure wasted of water and human energy. Sometime it goes to
unhealthy fruit and vegetables.
Figure 1.7: Tomato plant
Figure 1.7 shown the relation between soil moisture and the freshness of the tomato plant.
We do experiment to determine relationship between irrigation system and soil mosture, soil
moisture was analysed for the three days base oh the chart. On 31 March 2021 we found soil
moisture was in stable condition (yellow line). The weather condition was raining that time.
But after 3 day (blue line), the weather is very dry and the reading of soil moisture are
increase above 80% and we found the tomato plant withered.
The moisture of the soil is depending on amount of the water in a pot and temperature. The
key to keeping tomato plants healthy and hydrated is to maintain an even and consistent soil
moisture level [4].
The problem here is to determine the level of soil moisture since temperature vary all the
time. Based on our research, suitable level for soil level is between 70-75%.
Based on the problems, we try to develop the automation system by using close-loop system
in order to maintain an amount of water.
1.6 Problem Statement
In this project, we suppose to solve irrigation problem. Conventional irrigation
system will procedure wasted of water and human energy. Sometime it goes to
unhealthy fruit and vegetables.
Figure 1.7: Tomato plant
Figure 1.7 shown the relation between soil moisture and the freshness of the tomato plant.
We do experiment to determine relationship between irrigation system and soil mosture, soil
moisture was analysed for the three days base oh the chart. On 31 March 2021 we found soil
moisture was in stable condition (yellow line). The weather condition was raining that time.
But after 3 day (blue line), the weather is very dry and the reading of soil moisture are
increase above 80% and we found the tomato plant withered.
The moisture of the soil is depending on amount of the water in a pot and temperature. The
key to keeping tomato plants healthy and hydrated is to maintain an even and consistent soil
moisture level [4].
The problem here is to determine the level of soil moisture since temperature vary all the
time. Based on our research, suitable level for soil level is between 70-75%.
Based on the problems, we try to develop the automation system by using close-loop system
in order to maintain an amount of water.
7
1.7 Project Objectives
To develop an IoT enablement system that helps to produce better quality crops
through control of environment parameters. The project aims to implement an IoT
solution that will help to automate agriculture tasks as per the following.
i) To design a system that used to monitored a Temperature, Humidity and Soil
Moisture for plants grow up better.
ii) To produce a device that measure the Temperature, Humidity and Moisture level
by using several type of sensor like Temperature & Humidity Sensor and Moisture
Sensor.
iii) To design real-time monitoring system by using a web page.
1.8 Project scope
The project are divided into several scopes. The first part is for watering system
installed. To prevent the soil are too dry or overwater, a system is developed with
the soil moisture sensor which sense the moisture of soil before watering the plant.
The project will cover for tomato plants growing in a pot or container.
There are 4 parameter that we interest to study on this project. The parameter
are humidity, temperature, soil moisture and time of collecting data (clock). This
project using ESP8266 where it already builded in Wi-Fi module where it is able to
connect with NTP server Malaysia. This project only works with internet connection
where it needs to communicate using MQTT protocol. MQTT is a common protocol
used in IoT systems to connect low-level devices and sensors. For the directive
information, LCD display is used to provide the info of the plantation.
1.7 Project Objectives
To develop an IoT enablement system that helps to produce better quality crops
through control of environment parameters. The project aims to implement an IoT
solution that will help to automate agriculture tasks as per the following.
i) To design a system that used to monitored a Temperature, Humidity and Soil
Moisture for plants grow up better.
ii) To produce a device that measure the Temperature, Humidity and Moisture level
by using several type of sensor like Temperature & Humidity Sensor and Moisture
Sensor.
iii) To design real-time monitoring system by using a web page.
1.8 Project scope
The project are divided into several scopes. The first part is for watering system
installed. To prevent the soil are too dry or overwater, a system is developed with
the soil moisture sensor which sense the moisture of soil before watering the plant.
The project will cover for tomato plants growing in a pot or container.
There are 4 parameter that we interest to study on this project. The parameter
are humidity, temperature, soil moisture and time of collecting data (clock). This
project using ESP8266 where it already builded in Wi-Fi module where it is able to
connect with NTP server Malaysia. This project only works with internet connection
where it needs to communicate using MQTT protocol. MQTT is a common protocol
used in IoT systems to connect low-level devices and sensors. For the directive
information, LCD display is used to provide the info of the plantation.
8
Chapter 2
Methodology
2.1 Introduction
This chapter discussed details on the process steps to develop IoT Based Close Loop
Irrigation system. This method consists of three main steps which are programming,
testing and assembling the prototype.
The temperature, humidity and soil moisture in the project are monitored through
this application. Besides, these sensors’ outputs are displayed through a 20X4 LCD
display.
Chapter 2
Methodology
2.1 Introduction
This chapter discussed details on the process steps to develop IoT Based Close Loop
Irrigation system. This method consists of three main steps which are programming,
testing and assembling the prototype.
The temperature, humidity and soil moisture in the project are monitored through
this application. Besides, these sensors’ outputs are displayed through a 20X4 LCD
display.
9
2.2 Preparation of project
2.2.1 Flow chart Operational project
Figure 2.1 Flow Chart Operational of project
The method used in collecting information for the proposal through Survey. Surveys
are used to increase knowledge in fields such as social research and demography.
Surveys can be specific and limited, or they can have more global, widespread goals.
Survey research is demographic sampling. A Survey is defined as a research method
used for collecting data from a pre-defined group of respondents to gain information
and insights on various topics of interest.
2.2 Preparation of project
2.2.1 Flow chart Operational project
Figure 2.1 Flow Chart Operational of project
The method used in collecting information for the proposal through Survey. Surveys
are used to increase knowledge in fields such as social research and demography.
Surveys can be specific and limited, or they can have more global, widespread goals.
Survey research is demographic sampling. A Survey is defined as a research method
used for collecting data from a pre-defined group of respondents to gain information
and insights on various topics of interest.
10
After the group discussion and idea confirmation, the concept of idea is identified
and drafted. The pros and cons of the system are figured out for future development.
As the idea is confirmed, the required hardware components, software and tools are
used to complete the system.
After hardware components and tools are then purchased. The task
distribution of the system will be assigned to team members after getting the
hardware components and tools. After assembling the software and hardware parts,
the system will be tested. If the result is not meet the requirement as the idea
brainstorming, the system will be troubleshot and tested again. These steps are
repeated until the system meet the team requirement.
After the group discussion and idea confirmation, the concept of idea is identified
and drafted. The pros and cons of the system are figured out for future development.
As the idea is confirmed, the required hardware components, software and tools are
used to complete the system.
After hardware components and tools are then purchased. The task
distribution of the system will be assigned to team members after getting the
hardware components and tools. After assembling the software and hardware parts,
the system will be tested. If the result is not meet the requirement as the idea
brainstorming, the system will be troubleshot and tested again. These steps are
repeated until the system meet the team requirement.
11
2.2.1 Flow chart of the project
Figure 2.2 Flow Chart Operational of project
Figure 2.2 shows the flow chart of the system. The figure represent the function and
idea of the system. Firstly, when the system is power up, it will automatically connect
to the Wi-Fi that set inside the coding and directly connect to the thingspeak server
using MQTT protocol. At the same time, the system is connecting to NTP server
Malaysia.
2.2.1 Flow chart of the project
Figure 2.2 Flow Chart Operational of project
Figure 2.2 shows the flow chart of the system. The figure represent the function and
idea of the system. Firstly, when the system is power up, it will automatically connect
to the Wi-Fi that set inside the coding and directly connect to the thingspeak server
using MQTT protocol. At the same time, the system is connecting to NTP server
Malaysia.
12
The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a networking protocol for clock
synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency
data networks. NTP is intended to synchronize all participating computers to within
a few milliseconds of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). NTP can usually maintain
time to within tens of milliseconds over the public Internet, and can achieve better
than one millisecond accuracy in local area networks under ideal conditions. The
purpose on NTP here to provide time stamp in the LCD display.
By using close-loop control system, the sensor is still read the value of
moisture of the soil until it reaches the certain value. In this case, the value is set to
75%. When there is more water, the soil will conduct more electricity which means
that there will be less resistance. Therefore, the moisture level will be higher. Dry
soil conducts electricity poorly, so when there will be less water, then the soil will
conduct less electricity which means that there will be more resistance. Therefore,
the moisture level will be lower.
This function will always keep the plant in healthy and moisture condition
for reducing the soil drying purpose. When the moisture of the plant is higher, the
pump will be automatically off to prevent extra hydration of the plant. The soil limit
percentage can be set in the coding.
When reading of the soil moisture trigger the limit, relay sensitivity will turn
on the water pump and flow the water to the soil. when water level is stable by
reading on moisture sensor, water pump will turn off. All the reading value is store
at thingspeak channel include temperature and humidity sensor.
The purposes of the DHT11 sensor is to detect the surrounding temperature
and humidity for a better plant growing condition. It depends on the types of plant
as different plants require different surrounding temperature and humidity.
The LCD display will be implemented as the users do not require to always
use phone for monitoring, it can be monitored in both ways. The users can reduce
their works for monitoring their crops as the system can help them to monitor
wireless and noticing the users if any emergencies condition happen
The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a networking protocol for clock
synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency
data networks. NTP is intended to synchronize all participating computers to within
a few milliseconds of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). NTP can usually maintain
time to within tens of milliseconds over the public Internet, and can achieve better
than one millisecond accuracy in local area networks under ideal conditions. The
purpose on NTP here to provide time stamp in the LCD display.
By using close-loop control system, the sensor is still read the value of
moisture of the soil until it reaches the certain value. In this case, the value is set to
75%. When there is more water, the soil will conduct more electricity which means
that there will be less resistance. Therefore, the moisture level will be higher. Dry
soil conducts electricity poorly, so when there will be less water, then the soil will
conduct less electricity which means that there will be more resistance. Therefore,
the moisture level will be lower.
This function will always keep the plant in healthy and moisture condition
for reducing the soil drying purpose. When the moisture of the plant is higher, the
pump will be automatically off to prevent extra hydration of the plant. The soil limit
percentage can be set in the coding.
When reading of the soil moisture trigger the limit, relay sensitivity will turn
on the water pump and flow the water to the soil. when water level is stable by
reading on moisture sensor, water pump will turn off. All the reading value is store
at thingspeak channel include temperature and humidity sensor.
The purposes of the DHT11 sensor is to detect the surrounding temperature
and humidity for a better plant growing condition. It depends on the types of plant
as different plants require different surrounding temperature and humidity.
The LCD display will be implemented as the users do not require to always
use phone for monitoring, it can be monitored in both ways. The users can reduce
their works for monitoring their crops as the system can help them to monitor
wireless and noticing the users if any emergencies condition happen
13
2.3 Components and Description
Table 2.1: List of components and estimation cost
No Component Description Quantity Cost
(RM)
1 Node MCU
ESP8266
The Development Kit based on
ESP8266, integrates GPIO, PWM,
IIC, 1-Wire and ADC all in one board.
- Power your development in the
fastest way combination with
NodeMCU Firmware! - USB-TTL
included, plug play - 10 GPIO, every
GPIO can be PWM, I2C, 1-wire -
PCB antenna
1 30.00
2 LCD Module
Blue Backlight / Blue Background
Control Method : I2C 4 Pin: VCC
GND SDA SDL Operate Voltage: 5V
Displays Types: 20-characters x 4 line
1 30.00
3. Moisture Sensor
Model :YL-69
Operating voltage: 3.3V -5V
Sensitivity adjustable.
1
9.00
4 Relay 1 Channel 5V Relay 1 10.00
5 Temperature &
Humidity Sensor
Model: DHT11 Humidity Range: 20-
90% RH Humidity Accuracy: ±5%
RH Temperature Range: 0-50 °C
Temperature Accuracy: ±2% °C
Operating Voltage: 3V to 5.5V
1 10.00
2.3 Components and Description
Table 2.1: List of components and estimation cost
No Component Description Quantity Cost
(RM)
1 Node MCU
ESP8266
The Development Kit based on
ESP8266, integrates GPIO, PWM,
IIC, 1-Wire and ADC all in one board.
- Power your development in the
fastest way combination with
NodeMCU Firmware! - USB-TTL
included, plug play - 10 GPIO, every
GPIO can be PWM, I2C, 1-wire -
PCB antenna
1 30.00
2 LCD Module
Blue Backlight / Blue Background
Control Method : I2C 4 Pin: VCC
GND SDA SDL Operate Voltage: 5V
Displays Types: 20-characters x 4 line
1 30.00
3. Moisture Sensor
Model :YL-69
Operating voltage: 3.3V -5V
Sensitivity adjustable.
1
9.00
4 Relay 1 Channel 5V Relay 1 10.00
5 Temperature &
Humidity Sensor
Model: DHT11 Humidity Range: 20-
90% RH Humidity Accuracy: ±5%
RH Temperature Range: 0-50 °C
Temperature Accuracy: ±2% °C
Operating Voltage: 3V to 5.5V
1 10.00
14
6 Power Adapter AC to DC, 12V2A 1 15.00
7 Power Supply
Module 3.3V / 5V
MB102 breadboard 400 hole or 830
hole Input voltage: DC 6.5-12V or
powered by USB Output voltage: 5V,
3.3V Maximum Output Current:
700mA
1 10.00
8 Water pump
Operating Voltage(VDC): 3 to 5
Operating Current (mA): 130 to 220
Flow Rate (L/H): 80 to 120
1 20.00
9 Jumper Male to Male
Female to Female
Male to Female
1 10.00
10 Breadboard 400 holes - Standard 2.54mm (0.1")
spacing between two holes -
Dimension: 5cm x 8cm
1 10.00
TOTAL 154.00
6 Power Adapter AC to DC, 12V2A 1 15.00
7 Power Supply
Module 3.3V / 5V
MB102 breadboard 400 hole or 830
hole Input voltage: DC 6.5-12V or
powered by USB Output voltage: 5V,
3.3V Maximum Output Current:
700mA
1 10.00
8 Water pump
Operating Voltage(VDC): 3 to 5
Operating Current (mA): 130 to 220
Flow Rate (L/H): 80 to 120
1 20.00
9 Jumper Male to Male
Female to Female
Male to Female
1 10.00
10 Breadboard 400 holes - Standard 2.54mm (0.1")
spacing between two holes -
Dimension: 5cm x 8cm
1 10.00
TOTAL 154.00
15
2.3.1 Sensor
DHT-11 Digital Humidity and Temperature Sensor
Figure 2.3 DHT-11 Temperature and humidity sensor
The sensor to determine temperature and humidity is called DHT-11. DHT-11 sensor
reads the surrounding temperature and humidity in the field. It is connected to
NodeMCU which is used to send the sensor’s reading to thingspeak. The sensor will
keep updating its reading and the user can check through the phone when the user is
concerned about their plant. This will give the information to the user so that they
know what plant is suited to plant in that temperature.
Soil moisture sensor
Figure 2.4 YL-69- Soil Moisture Sensor
Soil moisture sensor is function as the component to detect the moisture of the soil
and send the data to the devices and controls the water pump for watering the plant.
Soil moisture sensor consists of sensor probe and module board. The sensor probes
2.3.1 Sensor
DHT-11 Digital Humidity and Temperature Sensor
Figure 2.3 DHT-11 Temperature and humidity sensor
The sensor to determine temperature and humidity is called DHT-11. DHT-11 sensor
reads the surrounding temperature and humidity in the field. It is connected to
NodeMCU which is used to send the sensor’s reading to thingspeak. The sensor will
keep updating its reading and the user can check through the phone when the user is
concerned about their plant. This will give the information to the user so that they
know what plant is suited to plant in that temperature.
Soil moisture sensor
Figure 2.4 YL-69- Soil Moisture Sensor
Soil moisture sensor is function as the component to detect the moisture of the soil
and send the data to the devices and controls the water pump for watering the plant.
Soil moisture sensor consists of sensor probe and module board. The sensor probes
16
are inserted into the soil to get the data. The function of the probes are to pass the
current through the soil in term of resistances to get the moisture level. When it is
higher resistance, the soil will conduct electricity poorly. In contra, when the
resistance is lower, the conductivity will be higher. This is the function of the sensor.
The digital output can be toggled by adjustable potentiometer and comparator.
2.3.2 IOT Platform - Thingspeak
The project uses the thingspeak platform for monitoring purposes. ThingSpeak is an
IOT analytics platform service that allows you to aggregate,visualize, and analyse
live data streams in the cloud. You can send data to thingSpeak from your devices,
create instant visualization of live data, and send alerts.
Sensors, or things, sense data and typically act locally. ThingSpeak enables sensors,
instruments, and websites to send data to the cloud where it is stored in either a
private or a public channel. ThingSpeak stores data in private channels by default,
but public channels can be used to share data with others. Once data is in a
thingSpeak channel, you can analyse and visualize it, calculate new data, or interact
with social media, web services, and other devices.
are inserted into the soil to get the data. The function of the probes are to pass the
current through the soil in term of resistances to get the moisture level. When it is
higher resistance, the soil will conduct electricity poorly. In contra, when the
resistance is lower, the conductivity will be higher. This is the function of the sensor.
The digital output can be toggled by adjustable potentiometer and comparator.
2.3.2 IOT Platform - Thingspeak
The project uses the thingspeak platform for monitoring purposes. ThingSpeak is an
IOT analytics platform service that allows you to aggregate,visualize, and analyse
live data streams in the cloud. You can send data to thingSpeak from your devices,
create instant visualization of live data, and send alerts.
Sensors, or things, sense data and typically act locally. ThingSpeak enables sensors,
instruments, and websites to send data to the cloud where it is stored in either a
private or a public channel. ThingSpeak stores data in private channels by default,
but public channels can be used to share data with others. Once data is in a
thingSpeak channel, you can analyse and visualize it, calculate new data, or interact
with social media, web services, and other devices.
17
Figure 2.5 Real project View
Figure 2.5 Real project View
18
Figure 2.5 2D Plan project
Figure 2.6 3D Plan project
Figure 2.5 2D Plan project
Figure 2.6 3D Plan project
19
2.3.2 Wiring diagram
Figure 2.7 shows wiring diagram for the project. This project use 2 source power
supply 5v and 3.3v. LCD Display need to operate with 5V. In this case, power supply
module are used.
Figure 2.7 Project Wiring Diagram
Table 2.2 show connection of pin with component connected. Only LCD screen
connect to 5V power display.
Table 2.2 Pin Wiring table
Electronic component Pins of electronic
component
Pin of component
connected
DHT11 Data
+ve
-ve
D3
3.3
GND
Moisture Soil sensor Signal
+ve
-ve
A0
3.3v
GND
LCD SDA
SCL
+ve
-ve
D2
D1
5V
GND
Relay Signal
+ve
-ve
D4
3.3V
GND
2.3.2 Wiring diagram
Figure 2.7 shows wiring diagram for the project. This project use 2 source power
supply 5v and 3.3v. LCD Display need to operate with 5V. In this case, power supply
module are used.
Figure 2.7 Project Wiring Diagram
Table 2.2 show connection of pin with component connected. Only LCD screen
connect to 5V power display.
Table 2.2 Pin Wiring table
Electronic component Pins of electronic
component
Pin of component
connected
DHT11 Data
+ve
-ve
D3
3.3
GND
Moisture Soil sensor Signal
+ve
-ve
A0
3.3v
GND
LCD SDA
SCL
+ve
-ve
D2
D1
5V
GND
Relay Signal
+ve
-ve
D4
3.3V
GND
20
2.4 Conclusion
In short, IOT based irrigation system is discussed and explained in details as above.
The function and details of the components, system, and connection are explained in
the chapter 2. The process in completing the prototype, flow chart of the system and
so on are discussed in detail. The prototype used thingspeak platform or LCD display
to monitor the condition of crops and sensors will be triggered the relay once a certain
condition has been fulfil.
2.4 Conclusion
In short, IOT based irrigation system is discussed and explained in details as above.
The function and details of the components, system, and connection are explained in
the chapter 2. The process in completing the prototype, flow chart of the system and
so on are discussed in detail. The prototype used thingspeak platform or LCD display
to monitor the condition of crops and sensors will be triggered the relay once a certain
condition has been fulfil.
21
Chapter 3
Results and Discussion
3.1 Introduction
This chapter will discuss about functioning of IOT based irrigation system. Figure
3.1 shows the prototype of the IOT based irrigation system. The system consists of
temperature and humidity monitoring and automatically watering system when soil
moisture is dry. The system will be explained detail in 3.2 result and discussion to
show how the system work. Besides, the coding of the system is showed at appendix
A. The system can be worked successfully and it will discuss in further
Figure 3.1 : Prototype of IOT Based Irrigation system.
Chapter 3
Results and Discussion
3.1 Introduction
This chapter will discuss about functioning of IOT based irrigation system. Figure
3.1 shows the prototype of the IOT based irrigation system. The system consists of
temperature and humidity monitoring and automatically watering system when soil
moisture is dry. The system will be explained detail in 3.2 result and discussion to
show how the system work. Besides, the coding of the system is showed at appendix
A. The system can be worked successfully and it will discuss in further
Figure 3.1 : Prototype of IOT Based Irrigation system.
22
3.2 Results
3.2.1 Monitoring system
Figure 3.2 LCD Display
The monitoring system in the smart agriculture can be displayed by LCD. Figure 3.2
shows the data of the plant that display by the system. As shown in figure 32, the
system can show the surrounding temperature and humidity, and soil moisture with
the timestamp. The purpose of the larger LCD display is to easier the users for
monitoring their crops and plants easily so that they have another option to monitor
their crops. For example, the users can monitor their plants’ plant condition not only
through smart devices but also LCD display.
3.2 Results
3.2.1 Monitoring system
Figure 3.2 LCD Display
The monitoring system in the smart agriculture can be displayed by LCD. Figure 3.2
shows the data of the plant that display by the system. As shown in figure 32, the
system can show the surrounding temperature and humidity, and soil moisture with
the timestamp. The purpose of the larger LCD display is to easier the users for
monitoring their crops and plants easily so that they have another option to monitor
their crops. For example, the users can monitor their plants’ plant condition not only
through smart devices but also LCD display.
23
if user want to know detail about their plant, they can monitor through computer or
mobile smart phone. There are various information that can be get such as history of
temperature, soil moisture and analytic data in the system. Figure below shows the
dashboard information. The data between LCD and dashboard are synchronized
since they are from same source of data. from observation, there a bit delay in
presenting a data dashboard. It is due to free account that we are used in thingspeak.
limitation in free account allow data transfer in 15 second delay.
Figure 3.3 Dashboard IOT information
The user interface of the thingspeak application shows the data of the sensors which
means all the sensors are functional. The system can monitor temperature, humidity
and soil moisture.
if user want to know detail about their plant, they can monitor through computer or
mobile smart phone. There are various information that can be get such as history of
temperature, soil moisture and analytic data in the system. Figure below shows the
dashboard information. The data between LCD and dashboard are synchronized
since they are from same source of data. from observation, there a bit delay in
presenting a data dashboard. It is due to free account that we are used in thingspeak.
limitation in free account allow data transfer in 15 second delay.
Figure 3.3 Dashboard IOT information
The user interface of the thingspeak application shows the data of the sensors which
means all the sensors are functional. The system can monitor temperature, humidity
and soil moisture.
24
3.2.2 Arduino Programming
The Arduino programming language is based on a very simple hardware
programming language called processing, which is similar to the C language. After
the sketch is written in the Arduino IDE, it should be uploaded on the Arduino board
for execution. In our programme, we mostly use Boolean expressions and if else
statement to develop an automation system.
Figure 3.4: Coding part: Moisture level control
Figure above shows the part of programming functioning of moisture sensor
sensitivity. We set sensitivity level to 75, meaning when sensor detect reading below
than 75, pinout to relay receive high 5V and water pump was not in operation because
working in normally close. At the same time digital lcd screen is set to
“WATERPUMP : OFF” to represent the current situation. We give some delay in
0.5 sec from each transition process.
3.2.2 Arduino Programming
The Arduino programming language is based on a very simple hardware
programming language called processing, which is similar to the C language. After
the sketch is written in the Arduino IDE, it should be uploaded on the Arduino board
for execution. In our programme, we mostly use Boolean expressions and if else
statement to develop an automation system.
Figure 3.4: Coding part: Moisture level control
Figure above shows the part of programming functioning of moisture sensor
sensitivity. We set sensitivity level to 75, meaning when sensor detect reading below
than 75, pinout to relay receive high 5V and water pump was not in operation because
working in normally close. At the same time digital lcd screen is set to
“WATERPUMP : OFF” to represent the current situation. We give some delay in
0.5 sec from each transition process.
25
3.3 Results and Discussion
Figure 3.5 Temperature reading
Figure above shows the temperature reading for 4 day. we can conclude that
minimum temperature is 30 degree recorded and the highest temperature recorded at
36 degree between July 23 to July 26. Here we can see the temperature patterns vary
with day but still in increasing mode.
Figure 3.6 Temperature reading
Figure above shows the relationship between temperature and Dry Level in a day.
The temperature of a place on the Earth is largely dependent upon how strong the
Sun is. The strength of the Sun depends upon how high it rises in the sky during the
day. Normally Temperature increase in evening and that reflect to the dry of soil.
3.3 Results and Discussion
Figure 3.5 Temperature reading
Figure above shows the temperature reading for 4 day. we can conclude that
minimum temperature is 30 degree recorded and the highest temperature recorded at
36 degree between July 23 to July 26. Here we can see the temperature patterns vary
with day but still in increasing mode.
Figure 3.6 Temperature reading
Figure above shows the relationship between temperature and Dry Level in a day.
The temperature of a place on the Earth is largely dependent upon how strong the
Sun is. The strength of the Sun depends upon how high it rises in the sky during the
day. Normally Temperature increase in evening and that reflect to the dry of soil.
26
Figure 3.7 Temperature reading
Figure above show the histogram of temperature variation. Base on figure, mostly
34 degree temperature recorded on yesterday and 29 degree recorded today.
3.3.1Web-based application
We also develop a webpage for this project The purpose of the webpage is too easier
for user to monitor the data by any device such as laptop, smartphones, and desktop.
The page is live and user can monitor Realtime data in this address
http://www.shahrilmajiid.com/idp. Besides, the webpage can store the database of
the plants or crops to detect their condition time by time.
3.3.2 Discussion
The purpose of the automatic irrigation system is to ensure the water supplied in the
plant is always enough whenever it needed. The automatic watering system is
implemented to reduce the work load of the users. The prototype of the system
consists of water pumps and soil moisture sensor. The function of the probes are to
pass the current through the soil in term of resistances to get the moisture level. When
it is higher resistance, the soil will conduct electricity poorly. In contra, when the
resistance is lower, the conductivity will be higher.
Figure 3.7 Temperature reading
Figure above show the histogram of temperature variation. Base on figure, mostly
34 degree temperature recorded on yesterday and 29 degree recorded today.
3.3.1Web-based application
We also develop a webpage for this project The purpose of the webpage is too easier
for user to monitor the data by any device such as laptop, smartphones, and desktop.
The page is live and user can monitor Realtime data in this address
http://www.shahrilmajiid.com/idp. Besides, the webpage can store the database of
the plants or crops to detect their condition time by time.
3.3.2 Discussion
The purpose of the automatic irrigation system is to ensure the water supplied in the
plant is always enough whenever it needed. The automatic watering system is
implemented to reduce the work load of the users. The prototype of the system
consists of water pumps and soil moisture sensor. The function of the probes are to
pass the current through the soil in term of resistances to get the moisture level. When
it is higher resistance, the soil will conduct electricity poorly. In contra, when the
resistance is lower, the conductivity will be higher.
27
The information readings of the soil moisture level sensor is tested before setting
into the system. In the serial monitor shows 1024 constantly which indicate the soil
moisture sensor is dry. We convert this parameter into percentage to easier
calculation because we want to used Boolean statement. In figure 3.8 the value is set
into the coding which indicate that this is the moisture level of the dry soil. Dry level
= 1024 and we convert that value as 100%.
Figure 3.8 Reading Test moisture level
Figure 3.9 Functional Test moisture sensor
To make sure that soil moisture sensor is functioning properly, we need a container
full of water and readout device. Start by taking a reading in the air and write it down.
Then, gradually insert sensor in the water (wait 60 sec between steps) and take more
The information readings of the soil moisture level sensor is tested before setting
into the system. In the serial monitor shows 1024 constantly which indicate the soil
moisture sensor is dry. We convert this parameter into percentage to easier
calculation because we want to used Boolean statement. In figure 3.8 the value is set
into the coding which indicate that this is the moisture level of the dry soil. Dry level
= 1024 and we convert that value as 100%.
Figure 3.8 Reading Test moisture level
Figure 3.9 Functional Test moisture sensor
To make sure that soil moisture sensor is functioning properly, we need a container
full of water and readout device. Start by taking a reading in the air and write it down.
Then, gradually insert sensor in the water (wait 60 sec between steps) and take more
28
readings. The numbers should change from a minimum value (reading in the air) to
a maximum value when the sensor is fully submerged.
For the testing purpose we use some water to read the response from the moisture
sensor. response from the sensor also reflect the relay switch. When the soil moisture
is below than soil limit, it will automatic pump the water. Therefore, the data is set
into the coding to control the water pump to supply water automatically into the
plant.
Soil moisture sensors measure the water content in the soil and can be used to
estimate the amount of stored water in the soil horizon. Soil moisture sensors do not
measure water in the soil directly. Instead, they measure changes in some other soil
property that is related to water content in a predictable way.
Figure 3.10 Moisture sensor when dry >75
Figure above show that moisture level increase by the time. The level is keep
increasing until June 19 where it reaches 75%. What happen at the time is, water
pump is trigger and flow the water to the plant and soil level is reduce to 55%. That
water pump is ability to pump a water in 1.3 in a minute. In this case, we use a bigger
tank with 8L for water tank. From the figure, soil level is keep stable in average
below than 75%. Other than that we can estimate when soil become dry.
readings. The numbers should change from a minimum value (reading in the air) to
a maximum value when the sensor is fully submerged.
For the testing purpose we use some water to read the response from the moisture
sensor. response from the sensor also reflect the relay switch. When the soil moisture
is below than soil limit, it will automatic pump the water. Therefore, the data is set
into the coding to control the water pump to supply water automatically into the
plant.
Soil moisture sensors measure the water content in the soil and can be used to
estimate the amount of stored water in the soil horizon. Soil moisture sensors do not
measure water in the soil directly. Instead, they measure changes in some other soil
property that is related to water content in a predictable way.
Figure 3.10 Moisture sensor when dry >75
Figure above show that moisture level increase by the time. The level is keep
increasing until June 19 where it reaches 75%. What happen at the time is, water
pump is trigger and flow the water to the plant and soil level is reduce to 55%. That
water pump is ability to pump a water in 1.3 in a minute. In this case, we use a bigger
tank with 8L for water tank. From the figure, soil level is keep stable in average
below than 75%. Other than that we can estimate when soil become dry.
29
Figure 3.11 3 day Dry Level comparison
Other than that, we can estimate the dry level of the soil by the time. Figure 3.11
show that dry level can increase rapidly in 3 day before it need some water.
Figure 3.12 soil level comparison
Figure 3.12 show comparison of soil moisture level. In 86% dry level the surface is
looked dull. Normally soil can maintain the dry level below than 75% in 7 to 12 days.
Figure 3.11 3 day Dry Level comparison
Other than that, we can estimate the dry level of the soil by the time. Figure 3.11
show that dry level can increase rapidly in 3 day before it need some water.
Figure 3.12 soil level comparison
Figure 3.12 show comparison of soil moisture level. In 86% dry level the surface is
looked dull. Normally soil can maintain the dry level below than 75% in 7 to 12 days.
30
Figure 3.13 Moisture sensor after 1 Month
In the end of the project, we found that this kind of soil moisture sensor have a
limitation. Most soil dampness sensors model obliterate themselves after a short
some time. The sensor contains a fork-formed test with two uncovered conductors
that goes into the dirt become disintegrated. Restricting estimations even to once
every 5-10minutes builds the life expectancy of the modest sensor radically as the
absence of steady dc current means the copper consumes much more slow.
Obviously the time period between estimations could be expanded significantly more
for a more extended life expectancy. To beat this issue, we propose to supplant it
with sensor Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor V1.2. This dirt dampness sensor
estimates soil dampness levels by capacitive detecting instead of resistive detecting
like different sensors It is made of consumption safe material which gives it fantastic
help life
3.3 Conclusion
Figure 3.13 Moisture sensor after 1 Month
In the end of the project, we found that this kind of soil moisture sensor have a
limitation. Most soil dampness sensors model obliterate themselves after a short
some time. The sensor contains a fork-formed test with two uncovered conductors
that goes into the dirt become disintegrated. Restricting estimations even to once
every 5-10minutes builds the life expectancy of the modest sensor radically as the
absence of steady dc current means the copper consumes much more slow.
Obviously the time period between estimations could be expanded significantly more
for a more extended life expectancy. To beat this issue, we propose to supplant it
with sensor Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor V1.2. This dirt dampness sensor
estimates soil dampness levels by capacitive detecting instead of resistive detecting
like different sensors It is made of consumption safe material which gives it fantastic
help life
3.3 Conclusion
31
In conclusion, IOT Based irrigation system can display various sensors’ reading to
monitor constantly the condition on the crops and plants. Besides, the system consist
of various automatic system which can reduce the work load of the users. For
example, the users do not need to water their plant or crop every day because the
automatic watering system can help them to complete this task. Finally, the
surrounding temperature and humidity of the plant can be monitored every second
through web-based applications to ease the job of the users. IOT Based irrigation
system monitoring system implement the use of IOT to reduce the work load of the
users because they can monitor their field through smart device by using any web
browser.
Chapter 4
In conclusion, IOT Based irrigation system can display various sensors’ reading to
monitor constantly the condition on the crops and plants. Besides, the system consist
of various automatic system which can reduce the work load of the users. For
example, the users do not need to water their plant or crop every day because the
automatic watering system can help them to complete this task. Finally, the
surrounding temperature and humidity of the plant can be monitored every second
through web-based applications to ease the job of the users. IOT Based irrigation
system monitoring system implement the use of IOT to reduce the work load of the
users because they can monitor their field through smart device by using any web
browser.
Chapter 4
32
Project Design Consideration
4.1 Introduction
With the theme ‘Environmental Preservation Through Sustainable Agriculture’ this
project was carried out by our group consisting of 4 FTKEN students, University
Malaysia Perlis.
This section portrays the contemplations identified with ecological wellbeing via
project structure, reason, and thoughts at the underlying phase of venture arranging.
There are three primary markers resolved to be the target of the assurance taken to
design and accordingly execute this venture. The principal pointers are Health and
Safety, Culture, and advantages for society, Environmental and Sustainability
Considerations. These pointers are portrayed exhaustively dependent on the
usefulness of the fabricated venture.
4.2 Health and Safety
The fundamental reason for the horticultural - based smart framework is the essential
stage to give a protected climate and ready to change the horticultural scene for
ecological supportability.
Wellbeing and security are the fundamental necessities of business visionaries and
clients of harvests that help the variables of opening new horticultural regions and
the deficiency of labour for those including enormous - scale agribusiness like
agriculture.
It is our obligation and duty to rehearse unrivalled horticultural development in line
with the rules of the demonstration gave by Ministry of Agriculture and Food
Industry through the Department of Agriculture are as per the following: -
a) Plant Quarantine Act 1976 [Act167];
b) New Variety Protection Act Plants 2004 [Act 634]; and
Project Design Consideration
4.1 Introduction
With the theme ‘Environmental Preservation Through Sustainable Agriculture’ this
project was carried out by our group consisting of 4 FTKEN students, University
Malaysia Perlis.
This section portrays the contemplations identified with ecological wellbeing via
project structure, reason, and thoughts at the underlying phase of venture arranging.
There are three primary markers resolved to be the target of the assurance taken to
design and accordingly execute this venture. The principal pointers are Health and
Safety, Culture, and advantages for society, Environmental and Sustainability
Considerations. These pointers are portrayed exhaustively dependent on the
usefulness of the fabricated venture.
4.2 Health and Safety
The fundamental reason for the horticultural - based smart framework is the essential
stage to give a protected climate and ready to change the horticultural scene for
ecological supportability.
Wellbeing and security are the fundamental necessities of business visionaries and
clients of harvests that help the variables of opening new horticultural regions and
the deficiency of labour for those including enormous - scale agribusiness like
agriculture.
It is our obligation and duty to rehearse unrivalled horticultural development in line
with the rules of the demonstration gave by Ministry of Agriculture and Food
Industry through the Department of Agriculture are as per the following: -
a) Plant Quarantine Act 1976 [Act167];
b) New Variety Protection Act Plants 2004 [Act 634]; and
33
c) Pesticides Act [Act149]
Farming is essential for the business that affects the climate if not oversaw as
expected. Accordingly, benefit isn't a factor to the well - being of people who
spearheaded in the field of agribusiness. Be that as it may, with a more present day
method of creating rural items which can save labour and protected to the climate.
On the off chance that the utilization of pesticides or current composts isn't very
much controlled this will bring about impacts and results on the wellbeing and
security of the climate.
Control measures to the utilization of pesticides also as current composts can be
controlled through this created innovation. The significant things required by crops
are temperature and humidity. Both of variables influence the whole fundamental
interaction to plant development. Additionally, the gadget utilized with its plan is a
low voltage part that won't bring hazardous outcomes when it is harmed or failing
and electronic device we are using is used by DC supply.
4.3 Cultural and benefit to society
Because of the expansion in the quantity of individuals, an ever -increasing number
of individuals need food. Customers need great and quality food sources while
businesspeople need cash to proceed with the achievement of delivering horticultural
items.
The different sides complete one another among others, food sources developed from
the land keeps on expanding, harvests can be developed a lot over time paying little
mind to the consistently changing environmental change and absence of food
sources.
Zero utilization of pesticides works on human wellbeing while at the same time
urging customers to become vegetable lovers.
This is a characteristic system that ensures regular and sound manifestations and
people can produce their own food a source. Regardless of whether start - up costs
are high a shrewd model will save additional money. Offer extra types of revenue to
metropolitan networks through metropolitan agricultural practices. Benefits got from
c) Pesticides Act [Act149]
Farming is essential for the business that affects the climate if not oversaw as
expected. Accordingly, benefit isn't a factor to the well - being of people who
spearheaded in the field of agribusiness. Be that as it may, with a more present day
method of creating rural items which can save labour and protected to the climate.
On the off chance that the utilization of pesticides or current composts isn't very
much controlled this will bring about impacts and results on the wellbeing and
security of the climate.
Control measures to the utilization of pesticides also as current composts can be
controlled through this created innovation. The significant things required by crops
are temperature and humidity. Both of variables influence the whole fundamental
interaction to plant development. Additionally, the gadget utilized with its plan is a
low voltage part that won't bring hazardous outcomes when it is harmed or failing
and electronic device we are using is used by DC supply.
4.3 Cultural and benefit to society
Because of the expansion in the quantity of individuals, an ever -increasing number
of individuals need food. Customers need great and quality food sources while
businesspeople need cash to proceed with the achievement of delivering horticultural
items.
The different sides complete one another among others, food sources developed from
the land keeps on expanding, harvests can be developed a lot over time paying little
mind to the consistently changing environmental change and absence of food
sources.
Zero utilization of pesticides works on human wellbeing while at the same time
urging customers to become vegetable lovers.
This is a characteristic system that ensures regular and sound manifestations and
people can produce their own food a source. Regardless of whether start - up costs
are high a shrewd model will save additional money. Offer extra types of revenue to
metropolitan networks through metropolitan agricultural practices. Benefits got from
34
metropolitan agribusiness like urging local people to develop and create their own
food to meet every day needs and decrease the average cost for basic items. Increment
the side pay of metropolitan networks through surplus creation of agriculture items.
As a sound family action and develop interest in youngsters by including them
together. Such exercises are additionally ready to open space and openings for the
more youthful age who have exited to get business openings by participating in
farming.
Innovation - based development is for sure appealing both as far as the planning
measure, hardware required, crop control and better yields.
With encouragement administrations and agriculture credits from farming offices
have now delivered a huge number in the field of horticulture as publicized. At long
last, our endeavours are the beginning stage to battle youthful agriculture to stay
cutthroat in life looking for testing occupations and to help the public authority by
supporting the Government's endeavours in guaranteeing the quality and security of
food in the country.
4.4 Environmental and Sustainability Consideration
The expectation is that shrewd agriculture commitment can be serious, land and
water assets should be used beneficially to decrease the adverse consequence on the
climate and guarantee adaptability towards environmental change.
The execution of this task has given mindfulness and caring disposition in the
nearby local area, particularly agriculture to be touchier and keep up with water and
air quality like the utilization of manure and natural pesticides.
Keep up with the affectability of gardeners so they are touchier not to utilize unsafe
substances to diminish dangers to people and the climate.
The administrations of rural offices are as of now accessible to give exhortation and
help to gardeners to be more delicate to rehearse the most suitable natural practices
to stay away from different worldwide effects.
metropolitan agribusiness like urging local people to develop and create their own
food to meet every day needs and decrease the average cost for basic items. Increment
the side pay of metropolitan networks through surplus creation of agriculture items.
As a sound family action and develop interest in youngsters by including them
together. Such exercises are additionally ready to open space and openings for the
more youthful age who have exited to get business openings by participating in
farming.
Innovation - based development is for sure appealing both as far as the planning
measure, hardware required, crop control and better yields.
With encouragement administrations and agriculture credits from farming offices
have now delivered a huge number in the field of horticulture as publicized. At long
last, our endeavours are the beginning stage to battle youthful agriculture to stay
cutthroat in life looking for testing occupations and to help the public authority by
supporting the Government's endeavours in guaranteeing the quality and security of
food in the country.
4.4 Environmental and Sustainability Consideration
The expectation is that shrewd agriculture commitment can be serious, land and
water assets should be used beneficially to decrease the adverse consequence on the
climate and guarantee adaptability towards environmental change.
The execution of this task has given mindfulness and caring disposition in the
nearby local area, particularly agriculture to be touchier and keep up with water and
air quality like the utilization of manure and natural pesticides.
Keep up with the affectability of gardeners so they are touchier not to utilize unsafe
substances to diminish dangers to people and the climate.
The administrations of rural offices are as of now accessible to give exhortation and
help to gardeners to be more delicate to rehearse the most suitable natural practices
to stay away from different worldwide effects.
35
Further developing harvest yields can further develop oxygen consistency standards
and save land assets required for rural purposes.
Although it includes the utilization of electricity, yet this can be overwhelmed by
utilizing sheets dependent on daylight, housetop wind turbines, and limit batteries.
This will prompt a reduction in the carbon levels of organic frameworks.
Water sources can be obtained from rainwater stored in special containers provided.
Brilliant cultivating additionally helps support the administration of nature normally
via dependence on the effective utilization of close by resources like water and soil.
Brilliant cultivating utilizes these resources more gainfully than nursery methods and
customary cultivating strategies. Clever farming observing framework can lessen the
utilization of water and fluid fertilizer.
Taking everything into account this is the explanation that the primary water
eliminated from the casing is water from inside the yield busy gathering. Savvy
cultivating can even create ordinarily a greater number of harvests than agriculture
worked on. In addition, savvy cultivating regularly utilizes IoT to screen occupation
development without any problem. In this way, it is feasible to expand the stock of
new produce despite the absence of land in the ordinary future.
Chapter 5
Further developing harvest yields can further develop oxygen consistency standards
and save land assets required for rural purposes.
Although it includes the utilization of electricity, yet this can be overwhelmed by
utilizing sheets dependent on daylight, housetop wind turbines, and limit batteries.
This will prompt a reduction in the carbon levels of organic frameworks.
Water sources can be obtained from rainwater stored in special containers provided.
Brilliant cultivating additionally helps support the administration of nature normally
via dependence on the effective utilization of close by resources like water and soil.
Brilliant cultivating utilizes these resources more gainfully than nursery methods and
customary cultivating strategies. Clever farming observing framework can lessen the
utilization of water and fluid fertilizer.
Taking everything into account this is the explanation that the primary water
eliminated from the casing is water from inside the yield busy gathering. Savvy
cultivating can even create ordinarily a greater number of harvests than agriculture
worked on. In addition, savvy cultivating regularly utilizes IoT to screen occupation
development without any problem. In this way, it is feasible to expand the stock of
new produce despite the absence of land in the ordinary future.
Chapter 5
36
Project Management and
Finance
5.1 Introduction
Firstly, this chapter is mainly about the project management and finance on how to
create the Smart IOT based Automated Irrigation System. Due to pandemic (Covid-
19), the planning and discussion of the project can only be discussed online using
google meet to ensure the project can be implemented and function smoothly. The
project management, costing, and commercialization potential of Smart IOT based
Automated Irrigation System are discussed in more detail in this chapter.
5.2 Project Management
5.2.1 Gantt charts
The Gantt chart of the IOT based automated irrigation system is shown in figure
5.2.1. It shows the weekly tasks how the team to complete this project
Figure 5.2.1: Gantt chart
5.2.2 Work breakdown structure
Project Management and
Finance
5.1 Introduction
Firstly, this chapter is mainly about the project management and finance on how to
create the Smart IOT based Automated Irrigation System. Due to pandemic (Covid-
19), the planning and discussion of the project can only be discussed online using
google meet to ensure the project can be implemented and function smoothly. The
project management, costing, and commercialization potential of Smart IOT based
Automated Irrigation System are discussed in more detail in this chapter.
5.2 Project Management
5.2.1 Gantt charts
The Gantt chart of the IOT based automated irrigation system is shown in figure
5.2.1. It shows the weekly tasks how the team to complete this project
Figure 5.2.1: Gantt chart
5.2.2 Work breakdown structure
37
Table 5.2.2 shows the breakdown structure of work to team members in building a
smart IOT based Automatic Irrigation System. The Work Breakdown Structure is
created and planned based on a Gantt Chart. The purpose of the breakdown structure
is to ensure that all members are involved and contribute in the construction of the
project. Because Of The Pandemic (Covid-19), most of the discussion was done
online but prototype construction, hardware, and coding were done in one of the
group members.
Table 5.2.2: Work breakdown structure of members
Task Begin Date End Date Assigned to
Project title 05.04.2021 11.04.2021 All Members
Brainstorm and research
about the project
12.04.2021 18.04.2021 All Members
Market survey 15.04.2021 25.04.2021 All Members
Proposal Making 17.05.2021 29.05.2021 All Members
Proposal submission 30.05.2021 30.05.2021 Shahril
Purchasing Materials 01.06.2021 02.06.2021 Zaidi
Coding 07.06.2021 20.06.2021 Shahril
Prototype, webpage and
hardware circuit construction
14.06.2021 31.06.2021 Shahril
Zaidi
Final Report 20.06.2021 25.07.2021 All Members
Making correction and
improvement
20.07.2021 27.07.2021 Faris
Kogunan
Final Report submission 27.07.2021 27.07.2021 All Members
Video Presentation 25.07.2021 30.07.2021 Shahril
Meeting minutes 05.04.2021 30.07.2021 All Members
5.2.3 Milestones
Table 5.2.2 shows the breakdown structure of work to team members in building a
smart IOT based Automatic Irrigation System. The Work Breakdown Structure is
created and planned based on a Gantt Chart. The purpose of the breakdown structure
is to ensure that all members are involved and contribute in the construction of the
project. Because Of The Pandemic (Covid-19), most of the discussion was done
online but prototype construction, hardware, and coding were done in one of the
group members.
Table 5.2.2: Work breakdown structure of members
Task Begin Date End Date Assigned to
Project title 05.04.2021 11.04.2021 All Members
Brainstorm and research
about the project
12.04.2021 18.04.2021 All Members
Market survey 15.04.2021 25.04.2021 All Members
Proposal Making 17.05.2021 29.05.2021 All Members
Proposal submission 30.05.2021 30.05.2021 Shahril
Purchasing Materials 01.06.2021 02.06.2021 Zaidi
Coding 07.06.2021 20.06.2021 Shahril
Prototype, webpage and
hardware circuit construction
14.06.2021 31.06.2021 Shahril
Zaidi
Final Report 20.06.2021 25.07.2021 All Members
Making correction and
improvement
20.07.2021 27.07.2021 Faris
Kogunan
Final Report submission 27.07.2021 27.07.2021 All Members
Video Presentation 25.07.2021 30.07.2021 Shahril
Meeting minutes 05.04.2021 30.07.2021 All Members
5.2.3 Milestones
38
According to the milestones, the team of 4 members with different age and work
experience are formed for the project which lead by a supervisor. The title selection
is suggested by each team members. After considering details of every title, the final
title is decided as ‘IOT based Automated Irrigation System’. After that, a market
survey is conducted by Mohd Zaidi Bin Zainol (181033373). There are many
resources in this market survey. The market survey is about researching statistic
worker busy with their work and understanding about the agriculture, IOT system in
agriculture, hydroponic plantation, etc. The purpose of the market survey is to
determine the advantages and impact of the project to society and its market value.
Next, the proposal of the IOT based Automated Irrigation System is prepared. The
project is separated into coding and hardware parts. The coding consists of the
automatic watering system, temperature and humidity system, water level system,
etc. to connect to the hardware part. The hardware consists of the plants, sensors,
board, etc. The problems are troubleshot and improvement has been made the
prototype is completed. Due to pandemic (Covid-19), our team can only present
through video. The demonstration of the prototype has shown in the video. Lastly,
all members are contributed to the project and final report. The final report is
completed and submitted to supervisor for evaluation.
Milestone Date Status Task Comment
Formation of group
and project title
confirmation
11.04
.2021
Completed The main topic of the team is agriculture.
the title selected is IOT based Automated
Irrigation System
Proposal of the project 30.05
.2021
Completed Each team members are contributed to the
proposal
Prototype construction
and coding
30.06
.2021
Completed The coding and prototype are contributed
by shahril
Final Report
Submission
27.07
.2021
Completed The system is worked well and the report
is submitted to supervisor for evaluation
Video presentation 30.07
.2021
Completed The video presentation has shown the
demonstration of our system working
According to the milestones, the team of 4 members with different age and work
experience are formed for the project which lead by a supervisor. The title selection
is suggested by each team members. After considering details of every title, the final
title is decided as ‘IOT based Automated Irrigation System’. After that, a market
survey is conducted by Mohd Zaidi Bin Zainol (181033373). There are many
resources in this market survey. The market survey is about researching statistic
worker busy with their work and understanding about the agriculture, IOT system in
agriculture, hydroponic plantation, etc. The purpose of the market survey is to
determine the advantages and impact of the project to society and its market value.
Next, the proposal of the IOT based Automated Irrigation System is prepared. The
project is separated into coding and hardware parts. The coding consists of the
automatic watering system, temperature and humidity system, water level system,
etc. to connect to the hardware part. The hardware consists of the plants, sensors,
board, etc. The problems are troubleshot and improvement has been made the
prototype is completed. Due to pandemic (Covid-19), our team can only present
through video. The demonstration of the prototype has shown in the video. Lastly,
all members are contributed to the project and final report. The final report is
completed and submitted to supervisor for evaluation.
Milestone Date Status Task Comment
Formation of group
and project title
confirmation
11.04
.2021
Completed The main topic of the team is agriculture.
the title selected is IOT based Automated
Irrigation System
Proposal of the project 30.05
.2021
Completed Each team members are contributed to the
proposal
Prototype construction
and coding
30.06
.2021
Completed The coding and prototype are contributed
by shahril
Final Report
Submission
27.07
.2021
Completed The system is worked well and the report
is submitted to supervisor for evaluation
Video presentation 30.07
.2021
Completed The video presentation has shown the
demonstration of our system working
39
5.3 Costing
During the title selection and planning phase, the project cost is calculated
and discussed among the team members. The material cost of the project is shown
in the table 5.3.3 below. The target users and customers in the project are more
focussed on the farmers and the people who involved in agriculture industry. The
unique function of the IOT based automated irrigation system is it can link to smart
phone by using app. The users can monitor their crops condition through smart phone
only. Besides, it can also pump the water to the crops automatically to reduce the
work load of the farmers. The total cost to complete this project is RM172.00. Hence,
the estimated selling price of the IOT based automated irrigation system is RM272
with the set-up guiding.
5.3.1 Capital cost
In Electronic Design Project course, some of our team members sponsor a
fund value of RM200 to group as a capital cost to complete the project. The RM200
can reduce the burden of every cost in buying the materials and components of the
project. The project can be conducted smoothly due to the capital cost. Student needs
to spend more money to the project if the cost is exceeded the capital cost.
5.3.2 Operational cost
The project operational cost can be increased due to some failures of the components
and so on. For instances, the materials need to be listed before buying as an extra
cost need to be paid if there is wrong material has been bought. Besides, during the
implementation of the hardware parts, the handling of the components should be
careful because there will be increased in operational cost if any failure and damages
of the components. The operational cost can be reduced by borrowing the
components from labs and having a good handling skills in constructing of hardware
parts.
5.3 Costing
During the title selection and planning phase, the project cost is calculated
and discussed among the team members. The material cost of the project is shown
in the table 5.3.3 below. The target users and customers in the project are more
focussed on the farmers and the people who involved in agriculture industry. The
unique function of the IOT based automated irrigation system is it can link to smart
phone by using app. The users can monitor their crops condition through smart phone
only. Besides, it can also pump the water to the crops automatically to reduce the
work load of the farmers. The total cost to complete this project is RM172.00. Hence,
the estimated selling price of the IOT based automated irrigation system is RM272
with the set-up guiding.
5.3.1 Capital cost
In Electronic Design Project course, some of our team members sponsor a
fund value of RM200 to group as a capital cost to complete the project. The RM200
can reduce the burden of every cost in buying the materials and components of the
project. The project can be conducted smoothly due to the capital cost. Student needs
to spend more money to the project if the cost is exceeded the capital cost.
5.3.2 Operational cost
The project operational cost can be increased due to some failures of the components
and so on. For instances, the materials need to be listed before buying as an extra
cost need to be paid if there is wrong material has been bought. Besides, during the
implementation of the hardware parts, the handling of the components should be
careful because there will be increased in operational cost if any failure and damages
of the components. The operational cost can be reduced by borrowing the
components from labs and having a good handling skills in constructing of hardware
parts.
40
5.3.3 Material cost
Table 5.3.3: Materials cost
No. Material Name Price per
Unit (RM)
Quantity Subtotal
(RM)
1 Node MCU ESP8266 30.00 1 30.00
2 LCD Module 30.00 1 30.00
3 Moisture Sensor 9.00 3 27.00
4 Relay 10.00 1 10.00
5 Temperature and Humidity Sensor 10.00 1 10.00
6 Power Adapter 15.00 1 15.00
7 Power Supply Module 10.00 1 10.00
8 Water Pump 20.00 1 20.00
9 Jumper 1.00 10 10.00
10 Breadboard 10.00 1 10.00
Total 172.00
5.3.3 Material cost
Table 5.3.3: Materials cost
No. Material Name Price per
Unit (RM)
Quantity Subtotal
(RM)
1 Node MCU ESP8266 30.00 1 30.00
2 LCD Module 30.00 1 30.00
3 Moisture Sensor 9.00 3 27.00
4 Relay 10.00 1 10.00
5 Temperature and Humidity Sensor 10.00 1 10.00
6 Power Adapter 15.00 1 15.00
7 Power Supply Module 10.00 1 10.00
8 Water Pump 20.00 1 20.00
9 Jumper 1.00 10 10.00
10 Breadboard 10.00 1 10.00
Total 172.00
41
5.4 Commercialization Potential
The purposes of IOT based Automated Irrigation System are to reduce the
land use, work load, and ease the work of the users or farmers. Through planting the
crops inside the buildings or houses, the extremely land-use for agriculture can be
reduced which can increase the rural areas’ rewilding. With the IOT based
Automated Irrigation System, the crops corruption or failure will be reduced due to
constantly monitor by the system. The users or farmers can reduce and ease their
work through monitoring their crops in their smart devices. The commercialization
potential of the system can help to grow the crops healthy and leafy green. The smart
monitoring system will be widely implemented in agriculture field to increase the
crops productivity in no longer future. According to a research, environmental
impact is the most challenging aspect in agriculture. It will directly affect the
reduction of the global food system. In this advance era, IOT brings lots of
convenience to the society. IOT based automated irrigation system has a potential to
reduce the environment impact which help in high productivity of the crops. The IOT
based automated irrigation system consists of automatically watering system,
temperature system, alerting system, etc. which can reduce the human errors and the
users can monitor their field or crops 24 hours through their smart devices. The
commercialization potential is very essential and crucial in the agriculture field.
Chapter 6
5.4 Commercialization Potential
The purposes of IOT based Automated Irrigation System are to reduce the
land use, work load, and ease the work of the users or farmers. Through planting the
crops inside the buildings or houses, the extremely land-use for agriculture can be
reduced which can increase the rural areas’ rewilding. With the IOT based
Automated Irrigation System, the crops corruption or failure will be reduced due to
constantly monitor by the system. The users or farmers can reduce and ease their
work through monitoring their crops in their smart devices. The commercialization
potential of the system can help to grow the crops healthy and leafy green. The smart
monitoring system will be widely implemented in agriculture field to increase the
crops productivity in no longer future. According to a research, environmental
impact is the most challenging aspect in agriculture. It will directly affect the
reduction of the global food system. In this advance era, IOT brings lots of
convenience to the society. IOT based automated irrigation system has a potential to
reduce the environment impact which help in high productivity of the crops. The IOT
based automated irrigation system consists of automatically watering system,
temperature system, alerting system, etc. which can reduce the human errors and the
users can monitor their field or crops 24 hours through their smart devices. The
commercialization potential is very essential and crucial in the agriculture field.
Chapter 6
42
Conclusion and Future Work
6.1 Conclusion
Since prior days agriculturists should check the dampness of soil physically. It
permits the client to screen and keep up the dampness remotely regardless of time.
It is truly a viable and financial approach to decrease human exertion and water
wastage in plantation. This Irrigation control framework utilizing NodeMCU
ESP8266 Wi-Fi Development board and the thingspeak platform for monitoring
purposes.
In terms of environmental aspects, a beneficial impact can be considered towards the
usage of water due to the tendencies for the water to lessen when watering the plants
since the watering system is automated. Through the development of this project,
we’ve created a green environment within an urban area in which contributes to the
air qualities of a densely populated area. As for the detrimental of this project, as
stated the system is automated thus in runs of electricity which may cause a problem
towards it being functional in an event when there’s a black out. In terms of economic
aspects, a beneficial impact can be considered towards the year-round production
and growth via remotely because the automated system will provide the basic needs
of plant without requiring physical interactions with the plantation. This project also
helps with the cost of maintenance in terms of labour due to the fact that human
interaction isn’t required to take care of the plantation. As for the detrimental of this
project, as stated the system requires modules and hardware thus a maintenance on
the system is required in a scheduled manner which will have a cost in the event
where a replacement of parts is required. In other words, the failure of the system
due to defective hardware which will cost the plantation to die thus contributing to
the loss of plantation. In terms of social aspects, a beneficial impact can be
considered towards being able to monitor our plantation via wireless where physical
treatment isn’t required. As a result, new job opportunities for technician and
engineers will be available for the public in terms to maintain the system. Other than
that, this trend will open up new environment for the public within the urban area in
Conclusion and Future Work
6.1 Conclusion
Since prior days agriculturists should check the dampness of soil physically. It
permits the client to screen and keep up the dampness remotely regardless of time.
It is truly a viable and financial approach to decrease human exertion and water
wastage in plantation. This Irrigation control framework utilizing NodeMCU
ESP8266 Wi-Fi Development board and the thingspeak platform for monitoring
purposes.
In terms of environmental aspects, a beneficial impact can be considered towards the
usage of water due to the tendencies for the water to lessen when watering the plants
since the watering system is automated. Through the development of this project,
we’ve created a green environment within an urban area in which contributes to the
air qualities of a densely populated area. As for the detrimental of this project, as
stated the system is automated thus in runs of electricity which may cause a problem
towards it being functional in an event when there’s a black out. In terms of economic
aspects, a beneficial impact can be considered towards the year-round production
and growth via remotely because the automated system will provide the basic needs
of plant without requiring physical interactions with the plantation. This project also
helps with the cost of maintenance in terms of labour due to the fact that human
interaction isn’t required to take care of the plantation. As for the detrimental of this
project, as stated the system requires modules and hardware thus a maintenance on
the system is required in a scheduled manner which will have a cost in the event
where a replacement of parts is required. In other words, the failure of the system
due to defective hardware which will cost the plantation to die thus contributing to
the loss of plantation. In terms of social aspects, a beneficial impact can be
considered towards being able to monitor our plantation via wireless where physical
treatment isn’t required. As a result, new job opportunities for technician and
engineers will be available for the public in terms to maintain the system. Other than
that, this trend will open up new environment for the public within the urban area in
43
which they are able to self-provide in terms of fruits, vegetables, herbs and etc. As
for the detrimental of this project, the system is made up of complex hardware and
software which may be a troublesome matter for an ordinary person who aren’t
familiar with these type of system in terms of setup and maintenance of the system
The advantage of this system is it can eliminate the manual operation of opening or
closing valves. System can be operated at night, water loss from evaporation is thus
minimized. Irrigation process starts and stops exactly when required, thus optimizing
energy requirements.
The disadvantages of the systems can be very expensive. Self-help compatibility is
very low with big-scale systems, which are very complex. Most automated irrigation
systems need electricity. For crops like rice, we cannot use this same project because
of excess need of water.
6.2 Future work
which they are able to self-provide in terms of fruits, vegetables, herbs and etc. As
for the detrimental of this project, the system is made up of complex hardware and
software which may be a troublesome matter for an ordinary person who aren’t
familiar with these type of system in terms of setup and maintenance of the system
The advantage of this system is it can eliminate the manual operation of opening or
closing valves. System can be operated at night, water loss from evaporation is thus
minimized. Irrigation process starts and stops exactly when required, thus optimizing
energy requirements.
The disadvantages of the systems can be very expensive. Self-help compatibility is
very low with big-scale systems, which are very complex. Most automated irrigation
systems need electricity. For crops like rice, we cannot use this same project because
of excess need of water.
6.2 Future work
44
Overall, IOT based automated irrigation system have provided an effective solution
to address the increasing rate of product quality and freshness in the future as the key
framework for controlling or performing devices for different functions. linked smart
farm have developed a technique that uses technology and saves a lot of space. In
this context, discuss the findings that can be further strengthened or expanded. In the
future, also in the agricultural sector, individuals will expect autonomous and robotic
labour. They will be programmed to observe their location, pace and prevent
obstacles independently when performing their tasks. Seeding and planting machines
expect the seeds to be sown for crops by putting them in the soil and burying them
in a particular depth. With the aid of the advanced IoT and more sensors the watering
system reads the weather forecast and agrees on a better plant watering schedule.
Where sensors are used to identify weeds or pesticides and remove them from
farmland, weeding and crop maintenance can also be performed automatically.
Further, field, tree and vine harvesting could be carried out automatically with the
assistance of drones for the photography, planning and plucking of ripe crops. Air
planting or spraying of crops can be conducted using drones. A real-time monitoring
and analysis on the environment, on the crops and on the nutrients of the soil could
be monitored and even managed in various ways from automated irrigation system.
Ideally, a linked automated irrigation system would provide better yield and reduce
the waste of human resources in agriculture.
.
Overall, IOT based automated irrigation system have provided an effective solution
to address the increasing rate of product quality and freshness in the future as the key
framework for controlling or performing devices for different functions. linked smart
farm have developed a technique that uses technology and saves a lot of space. In
this context, discuss the findings that can be further strengthened or expanded. In the
future, also in the agricultural sector, individuals will expect autonomous and robotic
labour. They will be programmed to observe their location, pace and prevent
obstacles independently when performing their tasks. Seeding and planting machines
expect the seeds to be sown for crops by putting them in the soil and burying them
in a particular depth. With the aid of the advanced IoT and more sensors the watering
system reads the weather forecast and agrees on a better plant watering schedule.
Where sensors are used to identify weeds or pesticides and remove them from
farmland, weeding and crop maintenance can also be performed automatically.
Further, field, tree and vine harvesting could be carried out automatically with the
assistance of drones for the photography, planning and plucking of ripe crops. Air
planting or spraying of crops can be conducted using drones. A real-time monitoring
and analysis on the environment, on the crops and on the nutrients of the soil could
be monitored and even managed in various ways from automated irrigation system.
Ideally, a linked automated irrigation system would provide better yield and reduce
the waste of human resources in agriculture.
.
45
EMT 381/4 & EMT382/4: Microelectronic/Electronic Design Project
Meeting Minute: 1
Semester 2 Academic Session 2020/2021
Prepared by: KOGUNEN A/L SENDEKISAGER
____________________________
(Student Signature and name)
Verified by: DR. NORHAYATI BT SABANI
____________________________
(Supervisor signature and name with stamp)
Group No. : Group 42
Time and Date : 20/04/2021 8.00PM
Venue : Google Meet
Link : https://meet.google.com/vax-gtew-vvm
Attendees : MOHD SHAHRIL AFFANDI B ABD MAJID (181033125) (RK86)
KOGUNEN A/L SENDEKISAGER (181033117) (RK86)
MOHD ZAIDI BIN ZAINOL (181033373) (RK86)
MOHD FARIS AIMAN BIN ROSELI (181033364) (RK86)
Minute 1
Example:
brainstorm the idea
based on theme
: Action
All members give the ideas on this project and the ideas as follows;
(a) Planning for video presentation
Planning, problem statement
Demonstration (Hardware and website)
(b) Create website
Sent data to database
Using PHP, MySQL and Html
(c) Follow up our project every 2 weeks with all team members and
supervisor.
(d) Each team members have their own task.
EMT 381/4 & EMT382/4: Microelectronic/Electronic Design Project
Meeting Minute: 1
Semester 2 Academic Session 2020/2021
Prepared by: KOGUNEN A/L SENDEKISAGER
____________________________
(Student Signature and name)
Verified by: DR. NORHAYATI BT SABANI
____________________________
(Supervisor signature and name with stamp)
Group No. : Group 42
Time and Date : 20/04/2021 8.00PM
Venue : Google Meet
Link : https://meet.google.com/vax-gtew-vvm
Attendees : MOHD SHAHRIL AFFANDI B ABD MAJID (181033125) (RK86)
KOGUNEN A/L SENDEKISAGER (181033117) (RK86)
MOHD ZAIDI BIN ZAINOL (181033373) (RK86)
MOHD FARIS AIMAN BIN ROSELI (181033364) (RK86)
Minute 1
Example:
brainstorm the idea
based on theme
: Action
All members give the ideas on this project and the ideas as follows;
(a) Planning for video presentation
Planning, problem statement
Demonstration (Hardware and website)
(b) Create website
Sent data to database
Using PHP, MySQL and Html
(c) Follow up our project every 2 weeks with all team members and
supervisor.
(d) Each team members have their own task.
46
EMT 381/4 & EMT382/4: Microelectronic/Electronic Design Project
Meeting Minute: 2
Semester 2 Academic Session 2020/2021
Prepared by: KOGUNEN A/L SENDEKISAGER
____________________________
(Student Signature and name)
Verified by: DR. NORHAYATI BT SABANI
____________________________
(Supervisor signature and name with stamp)
Group No. : Group 42
Time and Date : 02/05/2021 3.30PM
Venue : Google Meet
Link : https://meet.google.com/vax-gtew-vvm
Attendees : MOHD SHAHRIL AFFANDI B ABD MAJID (181033125) (RK86)
KOGUNEN A/L SENDEKISAGER (181033117) (RK86)
MOHD ZAIDI BIN ZAINOL (181033373) (RK86)
MOHD FARIS AIMAN BIN ROSELI (181033364) (RK86)
Minute 2
Example:
The creation of
Survey form
: Action
All members give the ideas on this project and the ideas as follows;
(a) Market survey should conduct to everyone
(b) How to create google forms for the survey
(c) How many questions should be included in the survey
EMT 381/4 & EMT382/4: Microelectronic/Electronic Design Project
Meeting Minute: 2
Semester 2 Academic Session 2020/2021
Prepared by: KOGUNEN A/L SENDEKISAGER
____________________________
(Student Signature and name)
Verified by: DR. NORHAYATI BT SABANI
____________________________
(Supervisor signature and name with stamp)
Group No. : Group 42
Time and Date : 02/05/2021 3.30PM
Venue : Google Meet
Link : https://meet.google.com/vax-gtew-vvm
Attendees : MOHD SHAHRIL AFFANDI B ABD MAJID (181033125) (RK86)
KOGUNEN A/L SENDEKISAGER (181033117) (RK86)
MOHD ZAIDI BIN ZAINOL (181033373) (RK86)
MOHD FARIS AIMAN BIN ROSELI (181033364) (RK86)
Minute 2
Example:
The creation of
Survey form
: Action
All members give the ideas on this project and the ideas as follows;
(a) Market survey should conduct to everyone
(b) How to create google forms for the survey
(c) How many questions should be included in the survey
47
EMT 381/4 & EMT382/4: Microelectronic/Electronic Design Project
Meeting Minute: 3
Semester 2 Academic Session 2020/2021
Prepared by: KOGUNEN A/L SENDEKISAGER
____________________________
(Student Signature and name)
Verified by: DR. NORHAYATI BT SABANI
____________________________
(Supervisor signature and name with stamp)
Group No. : Group 42
Time and Date : 16/06/2021 9.00PM
Venue : Google Meet
Link : https://meet.google.com/qag-wkng-fkj
Attendees : MOHD SHAHRIL AFFANDI B ABD MAJID (181033125) (RK86)
KOGUNEN A/L SENDEKISAGER (181033117) (RK86)
MOHD ZAIDI BIN ZAINOL (181033373) (RK86)
MOHD FARIS AIMAN BIN ROSELI (181033364) (RK86)
Minute 3
Example:
Project progress
: Action
All members give the ideas on this project and the ideas as follows;
1. Discussion regarding the prototype structure
a) The size of the prototype.
b) The layout of the prototype.
c) Material to use.
d) The type of subject (Plant).
2. Budget for the prototype construction
a) The essential material that is a must.
b) Minimum and maximum price range for each material.
c) Budget for the tools needed for the prototype
EMT 381/4 & EMT382/4: Microelectronic/Electronic Design Project
Meeting Minute: 3
Semester 2 Academic Session 2020/2021
Prepared by: KOGUNEN A/L SENDEKISAGER
____________________________
(Student Signature and name)
Verified by: DR. NORHAYATI BT SABANI
____________________________
(Supervisor signature and name with stamp)
Group No. : Group 42
Time and Date : 16/06/2021 9.00PM
Venue : Google Meet
Link : https://meet.google.com/qag-wkng-fkj
Attendees : MOHD SHAHRIL AFFANDI B ABD MAJID (181033125) (RK86)
KOGUNEN A/L SENDEKISAGER (181033117) (RK86)
MOHD ZAIDI BIN ZAINOL (181033373) (RK86)
MOHD FARIS AIMAN BIN ROSELI (181033364) (RK86)
Minute 3
Example:
Project progress
: Action
All members give the ideas on this project and the ideas as follows;
1. Discussion regarding the prototype structure
a) The size of the prototype.
b) The layout of the prototype.
c) Material to use.
d) The type of subject (Plant).
2. Budget for the prototype construction
a) The essential material that is a must.
b) Minimum and maximum price range for each material.
c) Budget for the tools needed for the prototype
48
EMT 381/4 & EMT382/4: Microelectronic/Electronic Design Project
Meeting Minute: 4
Semester 2 Academic Session 2020/2021
Prepared by: KOGUNEN A/L SENDEKISAGER
____________________________
(Student Signature and name)
Verified by: DR. NORHAYATI BT SABANI
____________________________
(Supervisor signature and name with stamp)
Group No. : Group 42
Time and Date : 26/07/2021 10.30PM
Venue : Google Meet
Link : https://meet.google.com/nbb-buvs-dbx
Attendees : MOHD SHAHRIL AFFANDI B ABD MAJID (181033125) (RK86)
KOGUNEN A/L SENDEKISAGER (181033117) (RK86)
MOHD ZAIDI BIN ZAINOL (181033373) (RK86)
MOHD FARIS AIMAN BIN ROSELI (181033364) (RK86)
Minute 4
Prototype
Demonstration
: Action
1. All members give the ideas on this project and the ideas
as follows:
a) The demonstration of the prototype. The
overall explanation of the project and the
system was developed.
b) The demonstration of how the sensor detects soil
moisture, water tank capacity, temperature, and
humidity in the carton box and how the reading
was done.
c) The usage of the app was also briefed
2. The concept of demonstrating the prototype for viva was also
discussed.
EMT 381/4 & EMT382/4: Microelectronic/Electronic Design Project
Meeting Minute: 4
Semester 2 Academic Session 2020/2021
Prepared by: KOGUNEN A/L SENDEKISAGER
____________________________
(Student Signature and name)
Verified by: DR. NORHAYATI BT SABANI
____________________________
(Supervisor signature and name with stamp)
Group No. : Group 42
Time and Date : 26/07/2021 10.30PM
Venue : Google Meet
Link : https://meet.google.com/nbb-buvs-dbx
Attendees : MOHD SHAHRIL AFFANDI B ABD MAJID (181033125) (RK86)
KOGUNEN A/L SENDEKISAGER (181033117) (RK86)
MOHD ZAIDI BIN ZAINOL (181033373) (RK86)
MOHD FARIS AIMAN BIN ROSELI (181033364) (RK86)
Minute 4
Prototype
Demonstration
: Action
1. All members give the ideas on this project and the ideas
as follows:
a) The demonstration of the prototype. The
overall explanation of the project and the
system was developed.
b) The demonstration of how the sensor detects soil
moisture, water tank capacity, temperature, and
humidity in the carton box and how the reading
was done.
c) The usage of the app was also briefed
2. The concept of demonstrating the prototype for viva was also
discussed.
49
Appendix B
Arduino source code
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
// set the LCD number of columns and rows
int lcdColumns = 20;
int lcdRows = 4;
#include <NTPClient.h>
#include <WiFiUdp.h>
#include <TimeLib.h>
#include <time.h>
const char daysOfTheWeek[7][12] = {"AHAD", "ISNIN", "SELASA", "RABU", "KHAMIS",
"JUMAAT", "SABTU"};
static tm getDateTimeByParams(long time){
struct tm *newtime;
const time_t tim = time;
newtime = localtime(&tim);
return *newtime;
}
static String getDateTimeStringByParams(tm *newtime, char* pattern = (char *)"%d/%m/%Y
%H:%M:%S"){
char buffer[30];
strftime(buffer, 30, pattern, newtime);
return buffer;
}
static String getEpochStringByParams(long time, char* pattern = (char *)"%d/%m/%Y
%H:%M:%S"){
// struct tm *newtime;
tm newtime;
newtime = getDateTimeByParams(time);
return getDateTimeStringByParams(&newtime, pattern);
}
// set LCD address, number of columns and rows
// if you don't know your display address, run an I2C scanner sketch
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, lcdColumns, lcdRows);
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include "ThingSpeak.h"
String apiKey = "W6RYQJ2WNYH9DMSX"; // Enter your Write API key from ThingSpeak
const char *ssid = "putrafoto@unifi"; // replace with your wifi ssid and wpa2 key
const char *pass = "turkey1524";
const char* server = "api.thingspeak.com";
#include "DHT.h"
#define DHTPIN D3
#define DHTTYPE DHT11
int analogPin = A0;
Appendix B
Arduino source code
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
// set the LCD number of columns and rows
int lcdColumns = 20;
int lcdRows = 4;
#include <NTPClient.h>
#include <WiFiUdp.h>
#include <TimeLib.h>
#include <time.h>
const char daysOfTheWeek[7][12] = {"AHAD", "ISNIN", "SELASA", "RABU", "KHAMIS",
"JUMAAT", "SABTU"};
static tm getDateTimeByParams(long time){
struct tm *newtime;
const time_t tim = time;
newtime = localtime(&tim);
return *newtime;
}
static String getDateTimeStringByParams(tm *newtime, char* pattern = (char *)"%d/%m/%Y
%H:%M:%S"){
char buffer[30];
strftime(buffer, 30, pattern, newtime);
return buffer;
}
static String getEpochStringByParams(long time, char* pattern = (char *)"%d/%m/%Y
%H:%M:%S"){
// struct tm *newtime;
tm newtime;
newtime = getDateTimeByParams(time);
return getDateTimeStringByParams(&newtime, pattern);
}
// set LCD address, number of columns and rows
// if you don't know your display address, run an I2C scanner sketch
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, lcdColumns, lcdRows);
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include "ThingSpeak.h"
String apiKey = "W6RYQJ2WNYH9DMSX"; // Enter your Write API key from ThingSpeak
const char *ssid = "putrafoto@unifi"; // replace with your wifi ssid and wpa2 key
const char *pass = "turkey1524";
const char* server = "api.thingspeak.com";
#include "DHT.h"
#define DHTPIN D3
#define DHTTYPE DHT11
int analogPin = A0;
50
int moisture;
int percentage;
int map_low = 0;
int map_high = 1024;
int relay = D4;
WiFiUDP ntpUDP;
int GTMOffset = 1;
NTPClient timeClient(ntpUDP, "my.pool.ntp.org", 28800, 28800);
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
WiFiClient client;
void setup() {
lcd.begin();
// turn on LCD backlight
lcd.backlight();
pinMode(relay, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(115200);
dht.begin();
timeClient.begin();
}
void loop() {
int h = dht.readHumidity();
int t = dht.readTemperature();
// Check if any reads failed and exit early (to try again).
if (isnan(h) || isnan(t) ) {
Serial.println(F("Failed to read from DHT sensor!"));
return;
}
// Compute heat index in Fahrenheit (the default)
//float hif = dht.computeHeatIndex(f, h);
// Compute heat index in Celsius (isFahreheit = false)
//float hic = dht.computeHeatIndex(t, h, false);
Serial.print(F("Humid: "));
Serial.print(h);
Serial.print(F("% Temp: "));
Serial.print(t);
Serial.println(F("°C "));
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
if (client.connect(server,80)) // "184.106.153.149" or api.thingspeak.com
{
String postStr = apiKey;
postStr +="&field1=";
postStr += String(t);
postStr +="&field2=";
postStr += String(h);
postStr +="&field3=";
int moisture;
int percentage;
int map_low = 0;
int map_high = 1024;
int relay = D4;
WiFiUDP ntpUDP;
int GTMOffset = 1;
NTPClient timeClient(ntpUDP, "my.pool.ntp.org", 28800, 28800);
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
WiFiClient client;
void setup() {
lcd.begin();
// turn on LCD backlight
lcd.backlight();
pinMode(relay, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(115200);
dht.begin();
timeClient.begin();
}
void loop() {
int h = dht.readHumidity();
int t = dht.readTemperature();
// Check if any reads failed and exit early (to try again).
if (isnan(h) || isnan(t) ) {
Serial.println(F("Failed to read from DHT sensor!"));
return;
}
// Compute heat index in Fahrenheit (the default)
//float hif = dht.computeHeatIndex(f, h);
// Compute heat index in Celsius (isFahreheit = false)
//float hic = dht.computeHeatIndex(t, h, false);
Serial.print(F("Humid: "));
Serial.print(h);
Serial.print(F("% Temp: "));
Serial.print(t);
Serial.println(F("°C "));
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
if (client.connect(server,80)) // "184.106.153.149" or api.thingspeak.com
{
String postStr = apiKey;
postStr +="&field1=";
postStr += String(t);
postStr +="&field2=";
postStr += String(h);
postStr +="&field3=";
51
postStr += String(percentage);
postStr += "\r\n\r\n";
client.print("POST /update HTTP/1.1\n");
client.print("Host: api.thingspeak.com\n");
client.print("Connection: close\n");
client.print("X-THINGSPEAKAPIKEY: "+apiKey+"\n");
client.print("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\n");
client.print("Content-Length: ");
client.print(postStr.length());
client.print("\n\n");
client.print(postStr);
///to comfirm data send out
Serial.print("Dry Level: ");
Serial.print(percentage);
Serial.print(" Temperature: ");
Serial.print(t);
Serial.print(" degrees Celcius, Humidity: ");
Serial.print(h);
Serial.println("%. Send to Thingspeak.");
}
client.stop();
Serial.println("Waiting...");
// thingspeak needs minimum 15 sec delay between updates, i've set it to 30 seconds
delay(5000);
moisture = analogRead(analogPin);
Serial.print("Raw : ");
Serial.print(moisture);
percentage = map(moisture, map_low, map_high, 0, 100);
Serial.print(" | Dry %: ");
Serial.println(percentage);
//LCD print
// print message
//delay(1000);
// clears the display to print new message
//lcd.clear();
// set cursor to first column, second row
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("TEMP&HUMID : ");
lcd.print(t); // print temperature on LCD
lcd.print("C/");
lcd.print(h); // print temperature on LCD//*
lcd.print("%");//*
//////
lcd.setCursor(0,2);
lcd.print("DRY LEVEL : ");
//lcd.setCursor(13,2);
lcd.print(percentage);
//lcd.print(moisture);
postStr += String(percentage);
postStr += "\r\n\r\n";
client.print("POST /update HTTP/1.1\n");
client.print("Host: api.thingspeak.com\n");
client.print("Connection: close\n");
client.print("X-THINGSPEAKAPIKEY: "+apiKey+"\n");
client.print("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\n");
client.print("Content-Length: ");
client.print(postStr.length());
client.print("\n\n");
client.print(postStr);
///to comfirm data send out
Serial.print("Dry Level: ");
Serial.print(percentage);
Serial.print(" Temperature: ");
Serial.print(t);
Serial.print(" degrees Celcius, Humidity: ");
Serial.print(h);
Serial.println("%. Send to Thingspeak.");
}
client.stop();
Serial.println("Waiting...");
// thingspeak needs minimum 15 sec delay between updates, i've set it to 30 seconds
delay(5000);
moisture = analogRead(analogPin);
Serial.print("Raw : ");
Serial.print(moisture);
percentage = map(moisture, map_low, map_high, 0, 100);
Serial.print(" | Dry %: ");
Serial.println(percentage);
//LCD print
// print message
//delay(1000);
// clears the display to print new message
//lcd.clear();
// set cursor to first column, second row
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("TEMP&HUMID : ");
lcd.print(t); // print temperature on LCD
lcd.print("C/");
lcd.print(h); // print temperature on LCD//*
lcd.print("%");//*
//////
lcd.setCursor(0,2);
lcd.print("DRY LEVEL : ");
//lcd.setCursor(13,2);
lcd.print(percentage);
//lcd.print(moisture);
52
//lcd.setCursor(16,2);
lcd.print("%");
//delay(1000);
//lcd.clear();
// waterpump
// if the analog value is high enough, turn on the LED:
if (percentage < 75) {
digitalWrite(relay, HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(0,3);
lcd.print("WATERPUMP : OFF");
delay(500);
} else {
digitalWrite(relay, LOW);
lcd.setCursor(0,3);
lcd.print("WATERPUMP : ON ");
}
timeClient.update();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(daysOfTheWeek[timeClient.getDay()]);
//Serial.print("Time: ");
lcd.print(getEpochStringByParams(now()));
delay(2000);
}
//lcd.setCursor(16,2);
lcd.print("%");
//delay(1000);
//lcd.clear();
// waterpump
// if the analog value is high enough, turn on the LED:
if (percentage < 75) {
digitalWrite(relay, HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(0,3);
lcd.print("WATERPUMP : OFF");
delay(500);
} else {
digitalWrite(relay, LOW);
lcd.setCursor(0,3);
lcd.print("WATERPUMP : ON ");
}
timeClient.update();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(daysOfTheWeek[timeClient.getDay()]);
//Serial.print("Time: ");
lcd.print(getEpochStringByParams(now()));
delay(2000);
}
53
References
[1] AUTOMATIC WATERING DEVICE FOR TOMATO USING SOIL
MOISTURE SENSOR, Conference: The First International Conference and
Exhibition on Sciences and Technology (ICEST) Faculty of Science and
Engineering UNDANA.
[2] Dukes, M.D.; Scholberg, J.M. 2005. Soil moisture controlled subsurface
drip irrigation on sandy soils. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 21(1):89–
101.
[3] IEASSA, “How Smart Farming Can Improve Agriculture,” 16 DEC 2015.
[Online]. Available:http://ieassa.org/en/how-smart-farming-can-improve-
agriculture/. [Accessed 01 May 2021].
[4] Srinivasan, R. 2010. Safer Tomato Production Methods : A Field Guide For
Soil Fertility and Pest Management. Taiwan : The World Vegetable Center.
[5] Dean. R. (1977). Equilibrium Beach Profiles: U.S. Atlantic and Gulf
Coasts. Ocean Engineering Report No.12; January 1977.
[6] Kusui Tama. (2013). International survey on the distribution of stranded
and buried litter on beaches along the Sea of Japan. Marine Pollution
Bulletin 47: 175-179.
[7] R. Wireless, “Advantages of Smart iculture | Disadvantages of Smart
Agriculture,”[Online].Available:https://www.rfwirelessworld.com/Termino
logy/Advantages-and-Disadvantages-of-SmartAgriculture-Farming.html.
[Accessed 3 APRIL 2021].
[8] IEASSA, “How Smart Farming Can Improve Agriculture,” 16 DEC 2015.
[Online]. Available:http://ieassa.org/en/how-smart-farming-can-
improveagriculture/. [Accessed 21 APRIL 2021]
[9] A. M. 2. Rev3, “Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3 | Arduino Official Store,”
[Online]. Available: https://store.arduino.cc/usa/mega-2560-r3. [Accessed
03 MAR 2021].
[10] A. K. a. S. Kaur, “Evolution of Internet of Things (IoT) and its significant
impact in the field of Precision Agriculture,” Computers and Electronics
inAgriculture, vol. 157, pp. 218-331, 2019.
References
[1] AUTOMATIC WATERING DEVICE FOR TOMATO USING SOIL
MOISTURE SENSOR, Conference: The First International Conference and
Exhibition on Sciences and Technology (ICEST) Faculty of Science and
Engineering UNDANA.
[2] Dukes, M.D.; Scholberg, J.M. 2005. Soil moisture controlled subsurface
drip irrigation on sandy soils. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 21(1):89–
101.
[3] IEASSA, “How Smart Farming Can Improve Agriculture,” 16 DEC 2015.
[Online]. Available:http://ieassa.org/en/how-smart-farming-can-improve-
agriculture/. [Accessed 01 May 2021].
[4] Srinivasan, R. 2010. Safer Tomato Production Methods : A Field Guide For
Soil Fertility and Pest Management. Taiwan : The World Vegetable Center.
[5] Dean. R. (1977). Equilibrium Beach Profiles: U.S. Atlantic and Gulf
Coasts. Ocean Engineering Report No.12; January 1977.
[6] Kusui Tama. (2013). International survey on the distribution of stranded
and buried litter on beaches along the Sea of Japan. Marine Pollution
Bulletin 47: 175-179.
[7] R. Wireless, “Advantages of Smart iculture | Disadvantages of Smart
Agriculture,”[Online].Available:https://www.rfwirelessworld.com/Termino
logy/Advantages-and-Disadvantages-of-SmartAgriculture-Farming.html.
[Accessed 3 APRIL 2021].
[8] IEASSA, “How Smart Farming Can Improve Agriculture,” 16 DEC 2015.
[Online]. Available:http://ieassa.org/en/how-smart-farming-can-
improveagriculture/. [Accessed 21 APRIL 2021]
[9] A. M. 2. Rev3, “Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3 | Arduino Official Store,”
[Online]. Available: https://store.arduino.cc/usa/mega-2560-r3. [Accessed
03 MAR 2021].
[10] A. K. a. S. Kaur, “Evolution of Internet of Things (IoT) and its significant
impact in the field of Precision Agriculture,” Computers and Electronics
inAgriculture, vol. 157, pp. 218-331, 2019.
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