Final_Year_Project_Review_01[1jvjnfghc].pptx

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1. EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLULOSE AND ACTIVATED CARBON FROM PROCESSED ARECA BAT WASTE FOR SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT PROJECT WORK Zeroth Review Date: 23-09- 2024 1 Project Members Under the guidance of SIVAPRASHAD R (710721103007) GOWTHAM R(710721103303) IV year/ VII Semester, B.E-Civil Engg, Department of Civil Engineering, Dr. N.G.P. Institute of Technology, Coimbatore – 641048. Dr. E.Prabakaran Assistant professor (SS) Department of Civil Engineering, Dr. N.G.P. Institute of Technology, Coimbatore – 641048.

2. INTRODUCTION: Areca bat waste is a natural material which is available from various areca bat using industries. The processed areca bat is not degraded in easy way and take maximum period to reform or degrade. The waste material causes major environmental issue due to its non- degradable property and the same can be modified in to value added product by processing with natural, chemical and mechanical methods. The areca bat is contained with maximum of cellulose about 60- 70% and the carbon content also available in Waste areca bat. The areca bat waste in powder format will be treated with kiln or furnace in constant temperature provides the activated carbon can be used to form an acoustic board with epoxy resin. The composite board can able to resist a maximum heat, water and sound absorption capacity. The board with light weight doesn’t give any change in structural loading but change the ambience. The 2 cellulose products can be used for various byproducts.

3. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of pollution on used area bat from Areca bat Plate manufacturing industries Collection of samples from different sources. To preserve the sample for analysis. Physio Chemical analysis of various parameter along with carbon content and cellulose. Extract cellulose and carbon from chemical, natural and Mechanical ways. From Extracted carbon and cellulose, by products to be manufactured and tested 3

4. Scope of the Study: To access nature and extent of pollution control (is needed) in different locality industries. To evaluate effectiveness of and reprocess of waste and characterization of reproduced material. To evaluate quality trend over a reprocessed material for various industry suing to make areca bat plates. To assess assimilating capacity of a recycling process thereby reducing cost on pollution control To understand the environmental fact and toxic nature of different pollutants in land resource. 4

5. LITERATURE SURVEY S.NO Article Title Journal Name Authors 1 Agricultural wastes: A practical and potential source for the isolation and preparation of cellulose and application in agriculture and different industries Industrial Crops & Products Roohallah Saberi Riseh Kumar Thakur, Mozhgan Gholizadeh Vazvani a , Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi 5 Agricultural waste is a rich source of cellulose , which can be extracted and used in various industries. Cellulose extraction from agricultural waste can be done using various methods, including biochemical, ionic liquid, and alkaline pretreatments The extraction of cellulose from agricultural waste can lead to the production of bioplastics, biofuels, and other value- added products. Cellulose has numerous applications in industries such as agriculture, medicine, and food packaging

6. Cont… S.NO Article Title Journal Name Authors 2 Cellulose based materials to accelerate the transition towards sustainability Industrial Crops & Products Jaya Verma , Michal Petru , Saurav Goel 6 The development of cellulose- based electrically con ducting materials is useful in producing many engineering components such as wearable electronics, conductors, supercapacitors, sensors, ac tuators it is possible to create magnetic nanoparticles incorporated cellulose- based materials that can adapt to changes in their physical properties caused by an external magnetic field.

7. S.NO Article Title Journal Name Authors 3 Production Of Activated Carbon From Agricultural Raw Waste IOSR Journal of Engineering T.Subramani, P.K.Revathi key findings of the study are that paper mill waste is a better option than rice husk for the production of activated carbon , and that the activated carbon produced from paper mill waste has a maximum iodine number of 764.80 mg/g when activated with ZnCl2 The study finds that ZnCl2 is the most effective activating agent, producing activated carbon with the highest iodine value and yield. The optimal conditions for activation are 2.0M ZnCl2 activating solution, impregnation time of 20 h, activation temperature of 600 C for 1 h The porosity of the product was comparable with that of commercially achieved carbon. 7 Cont…

8. Cont… S.NO Article Title Journal Name Authors 4 Extraction and characterization of cellulose from agricultural waste materials Materials Today Sana Mohammed Ali Al kamzaria, The key findings of the study include the successful extraction of cellulose from palm fiber and palm fronds, with yields of 33.6% and 18.2%, respectively. The extracted cellulose was characterized using EDX , SEM , and FTIR spectroscopy , which revealed the presence of carbon, oxygen, and minor impurities The methods used in the study include washing and bleaching of the agricultural waste materials, followed by acid hydrolysis and centrifugation to extract the cellulose . The extracted cellulose was then characterized using EDX , SEM , and FTIR spectroscopy

9. Cont… S.NO Article Title Journal Name Authors 5 Production of natural cellulose- based microfibres, from oil palm mesocarp fibres and pineapple leaf wastes, as porous supports for further applications Heliyon G.D. Anukwah , V.P.Y. Gadzekpo The study successfully extracted and characterized pure cellulose microfibers from oil palm mesocarp fibers and pineapple leaves, which can be used as functionalized microfiber supports for photocatalysis and antibacterial wound dressings. The extracted microfibers were found to be porous, biodegradable, biocompatible, and non- toxic, with properties similar to commercial cellulose. The bleached microfibers exhibited peaks of C and O, indicative of pure cellulose, and their thermal properties were characterized using TGA and DSC analysis. The methods used in this study included alkaline- peroxide extraction, bleaching, and 9 characterization using SEM , EDS , FTIR, and TGA - DSC analysis.

10. Cont… S.NO Article Title Journal Name Authors 6 Extraction and characterization of a newly developed cellulose enriched sustainable natural fiber from the epidermis of Mikania micrantha Heliyon Fahmida- E- Karim Hosne Ara Begum, Md. Redwanul Islam The fibers were extracted from the creepers of Mikania micrantha using a 5% NaOH retting process. The extracted fibers were then characterized using various techniques, including FTIR , SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis, as well as bundle fiber strength testing and chemical composition analysis. The results of the characterization and analysis of the extracted fiber are presented, including its chemical composition , crystallinity index, thermal stability, and morphological characteristics

11. Cont … S.NO Article Title Journal Name Authors 7 Advances in the extraction, classification, modification, emerging and advanced applications of crystalline cellulose Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications Ebuka Chizitere Emenike Adewale George Adeniyi , Kingsley O. Iwuozor The bacterial strain most frequently utilized for large- scale production of crystalline cellulose is Gluconacetobacter xylinus, formerly known as Acetobacter xylinum Through the activity of an enzyme com plex referred to as the cellulose synthase complex, the bacterium utilizes glucose as a carbon source to generate cellulose. Chemical pre- treatment involves the use of acids, bases, or solvents to break down or dissolve the non- cellulosic components of the starting material. Acid pre- treatment, usually with sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, is a commonly used chemical pre- treatment method for plant biomass, as it can effec tively remove hemicellulose while preserving the cellulose structure Physical pre- treatment techniques, which involve modifying the structure and properties of cellulose material, include mechanical, thermal, and irradiation methods (Taylor, Alabdrabalameer, & Skoulou, 2019)

12. Cont … S.NO Article Title Journal Name Authors 8 Extraction and characterization of cellulose from agricultural waste materials Chemosphere, 27 August 2021 Anand Babu Perumal , Reshma B Nambiar The prepared activated carbon has a high uptake capacity for removing dyes from waste water. The adsorption efficiency is dependent on contact time, temperature, and concentration of the solution. The prepared activated carbon from areca plant leaves is a cost- efficient and abundant material for adsorption applications. The activated carbon has a high uptake capacity for removing dyes from wastewater

13. Cont … S.NO Article Title Journal Name Authors 9 Extraction of cellulose nanocrystals from agricultural by- products: a review Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews ,14 Sep 2022 Kilole Tesfaye Chaka CNCs have attractive properties such as lightweight, excellent mechanical strength, biocompatibility, biodegradability, renewability, high surface area, and tunable surface chemistry, making them suitable for various applications. The extraction methods, including mechanical, chemical, biological, and combined methods, affect the characteristics of the extracted CNCs. The excellent desirable properties of CNC such as high mechanical strength, low density, biodegradability, electronics, waste water treatment, food stuffs and packaging

14. Cont … S.NO Article Title Journal Name Authors 10 An investigation on the characterization of activated carbon from areca leaves and their adsorption nature towards different dyes Global NEST Journal, Vol - 21, 7 Jan 2019 Basrur D. and Ishwara Bhat J. The prepared activated carbon has a high uptake capacity for removing dyes from wastewater. The adsorption efficiency is dependent on contact time, temperature, and concentration of the solution. The probable mechanism of adsorption process with the dyes was analyzed.

15. Cont … S.NO Article Title Journal Name Authors 11 Characterization of untreated and alkali treated new cellulosic fiber from an Areca palm leaf stalk as potential reinforcement in polymer composites Carbohydrate Polymers Volume 195, 1 September 2018, N. Shanmugasund aram, Rajendran, T. Ramkumar The study finds that the 5% alkali- treated APLSF exhibits the highest tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation at break. The density of APLSF increased with increasing alkali concentration. The surface roughness of APLSF improved with alkali treatment. The study concludes that the alkali- treated APLSF has improved physical, chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties, making it a potential reinforcement in polymer composites.

16. Cont … S.NO Article Title Journal Name Authors 12 A soft processing technology for the extraction of cellulose from plant residues and agri- food wastes Food Bioscience Volume 62, December 2024 Tommaso Bellesi,D aniele Carullo, Andrea Fachi, E nrico Caneva, Stef ano Farris This study presents a soft- chemical extraction method for cellulose from four biomasses (garlic cloves, potato peels, corn stalks, and brewery spent grains) and characterizes the extracted cellulose using various analytical techniques. Hemicellulose and lignin removal through alkaline hydrolysis in a 5% (w/v) NaOH solution. Removal of organic compounds and ashes through solvent extraction in a 95% (v/v) ethanol solution The study concludes that the proposed soft processing technology is a sustainable alternative to conventional sources of cellulose, providing a versatile method for extracting cellulose from different agri- food biomasses.

17. 12 Methodology:

18. 13 EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLULOSE AND ACTIVATED CARBON FROM PROCESSED ARECA BAT WASTE FOR SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT Activity ↓ /month → Sep- 24 Oct- 24 Nov- 24 Dec- 25 Jan- 25 Week→ 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Preliminary studies & Field Data Collection (Including Industry Sample) Physio-Chemical Analysis Characteristics of Surface & molecule data Data collection and analysis Process of Waste materials Molecular Analysis Interpolating Molecular Data Assessing with SEM and product test data’s Result and Conclusion Report Submission WORKPLAN:

19. THANK YOU . 14