FinalPartsoftheBrain science for grade 4.ppt

brain

1. Parts of the BrainParts of the Brain
By: Derrick YeagleBy: Derrick Yeagle

2. Subdivided into
six
main region
s:
1.Midbrain
2.Pons
3.Medulla
4.Diencephalon
5.Cerebrum
6.Cerebellum
Brainstem

3. B
rainstem
 Midbrain, Pons, and
Medulla make up
the brainstem
 Brainstem connects to
the spinal cord
 Brainstem contains
neurons that relay
signals from the spinal
cord to the cerebrum and
cerebellum

4. M
idbrain
Within the midbrain, there are cell bodies
containing red nucleus which is for
controlling muscle coordination and
maintains posture

5. Pon
s
Contains neurons that relay signals for:
Chewing
sensations to the head and face
Certain respiratory functions
Eye movement
Taste
Salivation
Facial expressions
equilibrium

6. M
edulla
Contains tracts that travel in both directions
between the brain and spinal cord
Various nuclei of the medulla transmits nerve
impulses that control:
Heart rate
Constriction
Dilation of blood vessels
Blood pressure
Swallowing
sneezing

7. D
iencephalon
Composed of two major compartments:
Thalamus
Complex of nuclei that facilitate hearing, taste,
vision, sensation, wakefulness, voluntary motor
control
Hypothalamus
Collection of nuclei that controls the autonomic
nervous system, secretion from various glands,
heart rate, movement of food in the intestines, rage,
aggression, body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep

8. C
erebrum
Accounts for approximately 80% of total
mass of the brain
Uppermost 2-to 4-mm layer of the
cerebrum is crammed with cell bodies
and neuroglia, called the cerebral cortex
•

Two Hemispheres
CEREBRUM

9. C
erebral Cortex
Functions:
Human consciousness
Motor skills
Awareness of subtle variations in the
external environment
Language
Reasoning
Imaginations
Composed of regions with specific
neuronal responsibilities

10. B
eneath the
cerebral cortex
Number of different nuclei
Basal ganglia contain a number of different nuclei
and subdivisions within some of these nuclei:
Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Subthalamic nucleus
Nuclei interconnect with neurons of the cerebral
cortex, thalamus, and hypothalamus and control
involuntary skeletal muscle movements

11. O
ther neuronal
s
tructures
Limbic system
Lies deep within the cerebrum near the diencephalon and
midbrain
Hipocampus
Component of the limbic system
Contributes to emotional states, such as fear, anger, rage,
pleasure, and sorrow.
Also with learning and memory capabilities

12. C
erebellum
Located in lower posterior portion of the brain
Responsible for responding to signals from muscles,
tendons, joints, and sense organs
Controls skeletal muscle contractions, coordination,
muscle tone, balance and posture

13. R
eferences
Pasternak,Jack. An Introduction to Human
Genetics. pg. 400-401.