Find the coefficient of discharge and coefficient of velocity through orifice

Orifice-5.pptx

1. Fluid Mechanics Lab Project Presentation 2023-ME-114 2023-ME-115 2023-ME-122 2023-ME-127

2. Introduction We decided to work on Orifice and Jet apparatus and so , we prepared 3 orifices of different shape and geometry but of same weight. Our orifices are of shapes 1). Triangular Orifice 2). Hexagonal Orifice 3). Square Orifice The weight of all three orifices is 18 gram . Orifice and Jet Apparatus

3. Definition An orifice is a small hole or opening in a wall, plate, or surface through which a fluid (liquid or gas) flows. 1). Flow characteristics 2). Applications 3). Types of Orifice What is an Orifice ?

4. An Orifice and Jet Apparatus is a laboratory device used to study the flow characteristics of fluids as they exit through an orifice, forming a jet. Key Components 1). Reservoir 2). Orifice 3). Jet 4). Tank ( Hydraulic Bench) What is a Jet Apparatus ?

5. There are 3 Hydraulic coefficients : 1). Coefficient of Discharge (Cd) 2). Coefficient of Velocity ( Cv ) 3). Coefficient of Contraction (Cc) Hydraulic Coefficients

6. Flow measuring devices. In hydraulic systems . In thermal power plants . For gasoline pipelines. Rockets & Jet engines. Applications of Cd & Cv

7. Cd is used for analyzing flow through orifices , while Cv is used for valves Typical ranges of values of Cd and Cv. Cd varies between 0.6 and 1.0 Key Difference b/w Cd & Cv

8. The behavior of fluid flow through orifices is a core subject in fluid mechanics, serving as the foundation for various engineering systems, such as flow measurement devices, hydraulic control mechanisms, and fluid transfer applications . The primary objective of this project is to evaluate the effects of orifice shape and size on the flow rate and velocity, providing a deeper understanding of the behavior of Cd and Cv ​ . Our main task

9. 1). Limited studies focus on hexagonal orifices and their flow characteristics. 2). Additionally , the interplay between fluid viscosity and orifice geometry in determining Cd ​ and Cv ​ remains underexplored. RESEARCH GAPS

10. 1). Orifice preparation a). Material selection b). Purchasing raw material c). Geometries d). Sizes 2). Test set-up a). A constant Head Tank b). Orifices are mounted c). Volumetric Measuring Tank METHODOLOGY

11. 3). Measuring Flow Rate a). Hydraulic bench b). Stop watch 4). Data Collection a). Actual Flow Rate b). Theoretical Flow Rate c). Actual Velocity d). Theoretical Velocity 5). Finding coefficients METHODOLOGY

12.   METHODOLOGY

13. Modeling in Solid Works

14. For 3D printing of these 3 orifices , we paid 1200 only. And the weight was 18 grams . Cost of printing and binding report is 300 only . COST

15. 1). Influence of area on Cd Results & Discussion

16. 2). Influence of Area on Cv There is no influence of area on Cv 3). Effect of sharp edges on Cv 0.91 – 0.96 Cv Results & Discussion

17. Flow rate on Y axis & h^1/2 on X axis

18. Flow rate on Y axis & h^1/2 on X axis

19. Flow rate on Y axis & h^1/2 on X axis

20. 2yh^1/2 on Y axis & x on X axis

21. 2yh^1/2 on Y axis & x on X axis

22. 2yh^1/2 on Y axis & x on X axis

23. Analysis of Cd and Cv. Approxmiately,65% theoretical discharge for sharp-edged orifice. Cv values between 0.97-0.99 demonstrate high velocity efficiency. The orifice area primarily influences magnitude of flow rate. The Cd values can be used to Calibrate orifice-based flow meters Optimize irrigation systems Design hydraulic structures. CONCLUSION

24. Enhancing Performance The consistency of the obtained values validates their reliability in real-world applications, while the insights into energy losses highlight opportunities to enhance performance by modifying orifice geometry. CONCLUSION