Fingerprint Classification- Loop Patterns

1. FBI MISSION STATEMENT The mission of the FBI is to protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats, to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and to provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners.

2. CJIS MISSION STATEMENT Reduce terrorist and criminal activities by maximizing the ability to provide timely and relevant criminal justice information to the FBI and to qualified law enforcement, criminal justice, civilian, academic, employment, and licensing agencies concerning individuals, stolen property, criminal organizations and activities, and other law enforcement related data.

3. CJIS DIVISION

4. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FINGERPRINT PATTERN RECOGNITION ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. Federal Bureau of Investigation United States Department of Justice Illustrations of Various Fingerprint Patterns The presence or existence of whorls in finger impressions is used as the basis for the determination of the chief or the primary classification. Each whorl appearing in an or all of the ten fingers has a certain arbitrary or fixed value. The addition of the values represented by such whorls and the indication of the total value is known as the primary classification. Illustrations of the whorl types which are shown on the right of this chart. Illustrations of the other types are shown on the left. PLAIN ARCH TENTED ARCH RADIAL LOOP ULNAR LOOP PLAIN WHORL CENTRAL POCKET DOUBLE LOOP ACCIDENTAL

6. FINGERPRINT PATTERN FREQUENCY

7. LOOP Definition: A LOOP is that type of pattern in which one or more ridges enter upon either side, recurve, touch or pass an imaginary line between delta and core and pass out or tend to pass out upon the same side the ridge entered.

8. FLOW OF RIDGES ULNAR LOOP ULNAR LOOP RADIAL LOOP THE ABOVE PATTERNS SHOW THE DIRECTION RIDGES FLOW IF LOCATED IN THE RIGHT HAND.

9. RADIAL LOOP ULNAR LOOP RADIAL LOOP FLOW OF RIDGES THE ABOVE PATTERNS SHOW THE DIRECTION RIDGES FLOW IF LOCATED IN THE RIGHT HAND.

10. 1. Sufficient Recurve 2. Delta 3. Ridge Count - Across a looping ridge THREE BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF A LOOP 3 COUNT LOOP CORE SUFFICIENT RECURVE DELTA

11. SUFFICIENT RECURVE A SUFFICIENT RECURVE consists of the space between the shoulders of a loop free of any appendages which abut upon it at a right angle on the outside of the recurve. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8. 7. S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S Shoulders

12. SUFFICIENT RECURVE THE SHOULDERS OF A LOOP are the points at which the recurving ridge definitely turns inward or curves. S S S S S S 9. 10. 11.

13. APPENDAGE Attachment or Connection An appendage striking the outside of the recurve at a right angle will spoil that recurve.

14. LOOP PATTERN AREA PATTERN AREA includes the CORE, DELTA, and RIDGES which are used in the classification of a loop. T T PATTERN AREA

15. TYPELINES T T T T

16. Definition: The two innermost ridges that are parallel and surround or tend to surround the pattern area. T T T T TYPELINES

17. DELTA THE DELTA IS THAT POINT ON A RIDGE AT OR NEAREST THE POINT OF DIVERGENCE OF TWO TYPELINES, AND LOCATED AT OR DIRECTLY IN FRONT OF THE POINT OF DIVERGENCE. Area to be considered in front of the point of divergence of two typelines.

18. DOT BIFURCATION MEETING OF TWO RIDGES SHORT RIDGE RECURVING RIDGE ENDING RIDGE DELTAS

19. CORE THE APPROXIMATE CENTER OF THE PATTERN PLACED UPON OR WITHIN THE INNERMOST SUFFICIENT RECURVE. LOCATED ON THE SHOULDERS OF THE INNERMOST LOOP FARTHEST FROM THE DELTA. CORE CORE CORE CORE

20. LOCATED ON THE SPIKE OR ROD IN THE CENTER OF THE INNERMOST RECURVE, PROVIDED THE SPIKE OR ROD RISES AS HIGH AS THE SHOULDERS. CORE CORE CORE CORE CORE

21. RIDGE COUNTING 1 - Count 2 - Counts 3 - Counts 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1

22. 04 - COUNTS C D 04 RIDGE COUNTING

23. C D 02 RIDGE COUNTING 02 - COUNTS

24. C D RIDGE COUNTING 17 - COUNTS

25. D C D 03 C 03 D C D 02 C D 03 C D 01 D C 02

26. D C D C 03 02 C D 04 C D 02 C D 01 C D 01

27. D C D C D C D C D C D 02 02 01 01 01 TT C

28. LOOP 12 COUNTS C D

29. C D LOOP 06 COUNTS

30. D C LOOP 02 COUNTS

31. C D LOOP 07 COUNTS

32. D C LOOP 16 COUNTS

33. C D LOOP 23 COUNTS

34. D C LOOP 14 COUNTS

35. D C LOOP 02 COUNTS

36. D C LOOP 13 COUNTS

37. D C LOOP 10 COUNTS

38. D C LOOP 17 COUNTS

39. D C LOOP 10 COUNTS

40. D C LOOP 15 COUNTS

41. D C LOOP 14 COUNTS

42. D C LOOP 05 COUNTS

43. D C LOOP 15 COUNTS

44. D C LOOP 22 COUNTS

45. D C LOOP 03 COUNTS

46. D C LOOP 14 COUNTS

47. D C LOOP 10 COUNTS Join the two loops as one.

48. ULNAR LOOP Ulnar Loops flow toward the little finger. 03 01 02 03 03 03 03 02 03 02 The direction of flow applies to the finger on the hand, not as they appear on the fingerprint card.

49. RADIAL LOOP Radial Loops flow toward the thumb. 03 52 03 53 01 55 01 53 01 01 The direction of flow applies to the fingers on the hand, not as they appear on the fingerprint card.

50. NOTE: RADIUS RIGHT HAND ULNA When a loop enters and exits from the THUMB side of the hand, the pattern will always be a “Radial Loop.” When a loop enters and exits from the PINKY finger, the pattern will always be an “Ulnar Loop.” There are NO exceptions to this rule!

51. LOOP FREQUENCY

52. Questions?