Fire alarm , detection and suppression system

fire detection and suppression system. Types of fire and different fire extinguishing material and agents like FM200, NOVEC and ECARO, water, foam and dry agents

1. Fire alarm and detection system

2. Objectives Basic concept of Fire Alarm and detection System. Understand the principle of fire alarm and detection system. Componenets of fire alarm and detection system. Maintenance of fire alarm and detection system.

3. Classification

4. Fire Detection Sytem

5. Fire Alarm / Detection System Fire Alarm System is a system designed to provide warning to the outbreak of fire so that appropriate fire fighting action could be taken before the situation gets out of control. An automatic fire alarm system is designed to detect the presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion.

6. Primary Functions of Fire Alarm System T here are two primary functions of fire alarming system 1. D etect fire or fire condition 2. Give alarm in all parts of the buildng

7. Schematic Diagram Of Fire Alarm System

8. Input or Fire detection devices This component acts as an input to the fire alarm control unit and is either manually or automatically actuated. So there are two type of fire detection or initiating devices 1 . Manual Alarm-Initiating Devices 2. Automatic Alarm-Initiating Devices

9. Manual Alarm-Initiating Devices

10. Manual Call Points / Pull Station Manual call points are just used to initiate alarm Protective cover for MCP is also aval . Two type of MCP Single action (requires only one action, pressing) Double action (requires two actions, open the glass and press buton

11. Manual Alarm-Initiating Devices Manual fire detection is the oldest method of detection. In the simplest form, a person yelling can provide fire warning. The advantage of manual alarm stations is that, upon discovering the fire, they provide occupants with a readily identifiable means to activate the building fire alarm system. Outmoded “broken glass” pull stations

12. Manual Pull station When activated, it will immediately sound the notification devices Pulling a lever outside of enclosure will activate switch inside enclosure

13. Automatic Alarm-Initiating Devices

14. Automatic Alarm-Initiating Devices Four basic types Heat detectors Smoke detectors Fire-gas detectors Flame detectors

15. Heat Detectors It response to thermal energy Fixed temperature heat detectors (HD) Non restorable fixed temp HD Restorable fixed temp HD Rate-of-rise heat detector Combination of detectors

16. Smoke Detectors Photoelectric smoke detector Ionization smoke detector

17. Flame Detectors Types Ultraviolet (UV) Infrared (IR)

18. Fire Gas Detectors Monitors levels of gases released by combustion Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide

19. System Control Unit (Fire Alarm Control Panel)

20. FACP It receives input from auto / manual fire alarm devices Activate Notification devices Supply power to detection devices Supply power to notification appliances. Controls relays / devices connected to panel Display messages / fault / fault loc on it display screen

21. System Control Unit (Alarm Panel) The brains of the system Provides power to the system, monitors inputs and controls outputs through various circuits Performs other functions as required by the appropriate code

22. FACP FACP NAC Power Supply SLC IDC AC DC NAC : notification appliances circuit IDC : Initiating devices circuit SLC : signaling line circuits

23. Elements of control panel It requires two power sources Primary power supply (AC) Secondry power supply (DC)

24. Output Or Fire Alarm D evices

25. Output Or Fire A larm D evices

26. Fire alarm devices This component uses energy supplied from the fire alarm system or other stored energy source, to inform the proximate persons of the need to take action, usually to evacuate. Output or Notification appliances: bells, buzzers, horns, recorded voice messages, strobe lights ( high intense flash of short duration to get more attention) speakers, and other warning appliances

27. Types of notifications Audible Notification Audible notification has historically been used as a notification of fire. The early notification consisted primarily of bells or sirens. An advantages of audible devices is that they have a low power draw In order for audible devices to alert the building occupants, the device must be loud enough to be heard. The sound level is required to be at least 15 dBA above the average or normal sound level

28. SOUND LEVEL AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS

29. Visual Notification Strobes are required by the ADA in portions of any building accessible to a hearing impaired person. Areas such as conference rooms, restrooms, hallways, routes of tours & the private office of someone with a hearing disability are examples.

30. Complete fire alarm system

31. Fire Detection Sytem

32. Non Addressable / Conventional FDS Such type of System do not indicate which device is in alarm or trouble In this system it is extremely difficult to pinpoint the exact loc of alarm or trouble.

33. Addressable / Non Conventional FDS System

34. Addressable / Non Conventional FDS System Such system make it easier to pinpoint the exact alarm and trouble condition The exact pinpointing is accomplished by having all addressable devices having unique address Control panel is able to interrogate each address and display its status at display screen. This signal will report the exact loc of any alarm and trouble condition of the device.

35. Maintainance Awell maintained system is more reliable and efficient. Prolong the life span of your fire alarm system It ensures the safety of your life, your property and yur business All types of extinguishers should be inspected at least once a year to make sure it has proper pressure (gauge in green or proper cartridge weight), has the correct volume of extinguishing agent (tech weighs it), all external parts are serviceable. Often, dry chemical and dry powder types are hit on the bottom with a rubber mallet to make sure the powder is free-flowing, which is called "fluffing" the powder.

36. Maintenance Keep the record Log all new activities / events shown on FACP Keep all records in secured cabneits for future ref on maint / trouble shooting Weekly test of FACP Routine maint Assign / nominate a person for FACP

37. Fire Suppression System Fire Control System Fire detection system Conventional FDS Non Conventional FDS Fire Suppression system Halotron Gas CO 2 Inert Gas FM-200

38. Fire Suppression System It detects the fire It suppress the fire

39. Fire extinguisher Also called flame extinguisher or simply extinguisher. It is device used to extinguish or control the fire. Hand-held cylindrical pressure vessel containing an agent which can be discharged to extinguish a fire. There are two types of fire extinguisher. 1. stored pressure 2. cartridge type.

40. Cartridge Side cartridge operated units store the dry chemical in a non-pressurized container and the compressed nitrogen gas in a separate cartridge. Only at the time of actuation is the agent tank under pressure. Stored pressure extinguishers have the compressed nitrogen gas that is used as the propellant for the dry chemical agent stored in the same canister as the dry Chemical It is mostly used in industrial areas Simple and prompt recharge.

41. Stored Pressure

42. In stored pressure units, the expellant is stored in the same chamber as the firefighting agent itself. Depending on the agent used, different propellants are used. With dry chemical extinguishers, nitrogen is typically used; water and foam extinguishers typically use air.

43. Fire class

44. Fire Class For each class of fire, different extinguish agents are used: Serial No Agent Fire Class 1 Halotron A,B,C,E 2 Dry Chemical Powder A,B,C 3 CO 2 C,E 4 Foam B 5 Water A,B 6 Wet Chemical A

45. Comparison of fire classes

46. EXTINGUISHING AGENT For each class of fire , the extinguishing agent is different

47. Types of agent FM-200 (C 3 F 7 H) Halotron (CF 3 Br) Dry chemical powder CO 2 Foam Water Wet Chemical

48. FM-200 (DU PONT) Discharge in 10 sec or less (Fast and Efficient) It discharge as gas Removes heat Leave no residue Does not req costly clean up unlike sprinkle system Environment friendly, negligible global warming potential Non ozone depleting agent Less atmospheric stay time (low atm life time) No effect / damage to you eqpt Non conductive 27 lbs protect 790 cubic feet area

49. FM-200 GAS (DU PONT®) Advantages Fast and effective : discharge in 10 sec or less. Removes heat Discharge as a gas Leave no residue Unlike sprinkle system, do not req costly clean up Ozone depletion potential is zero ( no cl 2 or Br 2 Components) Atmospheric life time is low Non conductive gas No corrosive effect / damage to your IT eqpt

50. ECARO 25 Discharge in 10 sec or less (Fast and Efficient) Leave no residue Does not req costly clean up unlike sprinkle system Environment friendly No effect / damage to you eqpt .

51. CO 2 Discharge in 10 sec or less (Fast and Efficient) Leave no residue Environment friendly Non conductive No effect / damage to you eqpt .

52. Novec Color less, odorless, electrically non conductive fluid(replacement of water)that evaporates rapidly Environment friendly, negligible global warming potential No effect / damage to you eqpt Non ozone depleting agent Less atmospheric stay time (low atm life time)

53. Types of agent Powder Applied to electric , solid combustion. It prevents the chemical reactions and halts the production of fire sustaining "free-radicals", thus extinguishing the fire. Examples are Potassium chloride ,Potassium bicarbonate, Sodium bicarbonate. Mono ammonium phosphate, also known as "tri-class", "multipurpose" or "ABC" dry chemical, Used on class A, B and C fires

54. foam Applied to fuel fires form a frothy blanket or seal over the fuel, preventing oxygen reaching it. AFFF (aqueous film forming foam) AR-AFFF (Alcohol-resistant aqueous film forming foams) FFFP (film forming fluoroprotein ) CAFS (compressed air foam system)

55. water Applied to solid combustion, flammable liquids and gases APW (Air pressurized water) cools burning material by absorbing heat from burning material Used on class A, and B fires

56. Wet Chemical Used on solid combustion fire Wet Chemical extinguishes the fire by forming a soapy foam blanket over the burning oil and by cooling the oil below its ignition temperature. Wet Chemical ( potassium acetate , carbonate , or citrate ) Used on class A fires

57. Smoke det Discharging pipe lines FM-200 Gas Gas Cylinder Fire control panel Fire Gas Releasing Piston Smoke Solenoid valve

58. Smoke det Discharging pipe lines FM-200 Gas Gas Cylinder Fire control panel Fire Smoke Solenoid valve Manual opening valve

59. Different Standard Fire protection associations are voluntary and non profit organizations for promoting fire fighting awareness and advancement. FPAP (Pakistan) : Fire Protection Association of Pakistan NFPA (USA) : National Fire Protection Association FPA (UK) : Fire Protection Association

60. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) NFPA 12A Halon Fire Extinguishing Systems NFPA 13 Installation of Sprinkler Systems NFPA 70 National Electrical Code NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm Code NFPA 75 Protection of Electronic Computer/Date Processing Equipment NFPA 80 Fire Doors and Windows NFPA 90A Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems NFPA 90B Warm Air Heating and Air Conditioning Systems NFPA 92A Smoke Control Systems NFPA 101 Life Safety Code NFPA 110 Emergency Power Supplies NFPA 170 Fire Safety Symbols NFPA 230 Fire Protection of Storage NFPA 1221 Installation, Maintenance and Use of Public Fire Service Communication Systems NFPA 2001 Fire Extinguishing Systems, Clean Agent

61. BASIC DEFINATIONS Annunciator: A unit containing two or more indicator lamps, alphanumeric displays, or other equivalent means in which each indication provides status information about a circuit, condition, or location. Automatic Fire Detectors: A device designed to detect the presence of fire or the products of combustion. Including but not limited to heat detectors, flame detectors, smoke detectors. End Of Line Device: A device such as a resistor or diode placed at the end of a class B circuit to maintain supervision. Fire Alarm Control Unit [Panel]: A system component that receives inputs from automatic and manual fire alarm devices and may supply power to detection devices, notification appliances and transfer condition of relays or devices connected to the control unit.

62. BASIC DEFINATIONS Flame Detector: A device that detects the infrared, ultraviolet, or visible radiation caused by fire. Heat Detector: A device that detects abnormally high temperature or rate of temperature rise. Ionization Smoke Detector: A smoke detector that has a small amount of radioactive material which ionizes the air in the sensing chamber, thus rendering it conductive and permitting a current to flow between two charged electrodes. This gives the sensing chamber an effective electrical conductance. When smoke particles enter the sensing chamber they decrease the conductance of the air by attaching themselves to the ions, causing a reduction in mobility. When conductance is reduced to less than a predetermined level, the detector responds.

63. BASIC DEFINATIONS Ionization Smoke Detector: A smoke detector that has a small amount of radioactive material which ionizes the air in the sensing chamber, thus rendering it conductive and permitting a current to flow between two charged electrodes. This gives the sensing chamber an effective electrical conductance. When smoke particles enter the sensing chamber they decrease the conductance of the air by attaching themselves to the ions, causing a reduction in mobility. When conductance is reduced to less than a predetermined level, the detector responds.

64. BASIC DEFINATIONS Notification Appliance: A fire alarm system component such as a bell, horn, speaker, strobe, etc. that provides an audible or visible output or both. Notification Appliance Circuit (NAC): A circuit directly connected to a notification appliance. Photoelectric Smoke Detector: A smoke detector utilizing a light source and a photosensitive sensor so arranged that the rays from the light do not normally shine on the photosensitive sensor. When smoke enters the light path, some of the light reflects off the smoke onto the sensor, causing the detector to respond.

65. BASIC DEFINATIONS Cross Zoning: for use in false alarm prone areas, 2 x zones may be linked together so hat an alarm will occur only if both zones trip within a specific time period Manual Release & abort switch : To release or to stop the release of gas

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