FIRE_CAUSES_AND_CLASSIFICATIONS_21.pptx.ppt

Fire safety and prevention

1. FIRE FIGHTING
TECHNIQUES

2. LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this session, participants
should be able to:
•Identify causes of fire;
•Classify fire into types
•Use fire extinguishers effectively for any
class of fire.

3. FIRE
•Fire is the chemical
combination of the
following:
•Oxygen
•Heat
•Fuel

4. TRIANGLE OF FIRE
OXYGEN FUEL
FIRE
HEAT

5. CAUSES OF FIRE
•Analysis shows that fires are caused under
three main headings:
•Carelessness
•Accident
•Willful Act

6. CARELESSNESS
Let’s discuss

7. ACCIDENT
•Explosion
•Faulty machinery or equipment
•Earth quake
•Thunder storm etc.

8. WILLFUL ACT
•Intent to defraud company
•Intent to destroy evidence of
serious crime
•Instigation by jealous competitor
or political opponents

9. SOURCES OF HEAT
•Friction
•Electrical malfunction/overload
•Static electricity
•Overheating
•Sparks
•Matches
•Cigarettes.

10. FIRE CLASSIFICATION
•Fires are often classified into four
general groups according to the nature
of fuel.

11. CLASS “A” FIRES
•These are fires
involving free burning
materials e.g.
•Wood
•Paper
•Textile materials

12. CLASS “B” FIRES
•These are fires involving flammable
liquids or liquefiable solids e.g.
•Petrol
•Kerosene
•Oil
•Fat
•Paints
•Wax
•Grease etc.

13. CLASS “C” FIRES
•These are fires
involving gases e.g.
•Methane
•Acetylene
•Butane etc.

14. CLASS “D” FIRES
•These are fires
involving metals e.g.
•Sodium
•Copper
•Iron
•Aluminum
•Zinc etc.

15. FIRE PREVENTION
PRINCIPLES
•Do not overload electric circuits
•Do not use frayed or defective electrical cords
•Do not allow electrical repairs to be made by
non –electrician designated employee
•Do not use gasoline for any thing except to run
engine

16. Housekeeping
•Wastes and rubbish should not be allowed to
accumulate
•Dry bush or dry grass should be cleared away from outside
the building
•Solid metal containers with covers should be used for
collecting flammable wastes
•Containers for oily wastes and rags should have automatic
covers or self closing covers

17. Housekeeping (cont’d)
•Flammable liquid wastes should be kept in
tanks or drums outside the building
•Flammable liquids should never be poured in
sewers or down drains.
•Smoking should never be permitted in
working areas.

18. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
•No one except a qualified electrician, should
be permitted to repair or install electrical
equipment
•All electrical equipment used in places where
vapoursmay occur should be of a type
approved for use in such areas.

19. MOLTEN METAL AND HEATED SUBSTANCES
•Molten metals will ignite flammable materials, take precautions
to provide flame-proof clothing especially in welding forging
and foundry workshops.
•VOLATILE LIQUIDS:
•Paints, vanishes, petroleum products solvents and similar
volatile materials are frequent sources of fire and/or
explosions.
•Tightly closed metal container, flame-proof cabinets, proper
colourcoding, strict storage and handling procedure are
necessary.

20. METHODS OF EXTINGUISHING
•This is based on withdrawal of any of the three actors of
combustion .these methods are:
•Starvation–this is total withdrawal of or limiting the source
of fuel.
•Smothering–It involves removal or prevention of oxygen
supply from the fire incident.
•Cooling –This involves bringing down the temperature of the
fuel material or process involved in the fire accident.

21. FIRE EXTINGUISHER AND
TYPE OF FIRE

22. FIRE EXTINGUISHER …contd.
Extinguish
er Content
WaterFoamPowderCo2
gas
Halon
Colour RedCreamBlue BlackGreen
RECOMMENDED FOR FIRE IN :
Class A?YesNo Yes No No
Class B?No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Class C?No Yes Yes Yes Yes

23. CARE OF FIRE EXTINGUISERS
Follow these general guidelines:
•Maintain them in good condition for operation
•Mount them on hangers that are conspicuously located
•They should not be obstructed or obscured where
installed
•They should be checked regularly to ensure that they
have not been removed or tampered with

24. FIRE PROTECTION STRATEGIES
•TRAINING
•The training should cover:
•Use of extinguishers
•Location of fire points
•Operation of the fire alarm and
extinguishers
•Identification of emergency exits
•Procedure for vacating the premises
quickly in a safe manner in time of
emergency

25. FIRE FIGHTING HINTS
In the event of fire the following should be done
amongst others:
•Raise an alarm
•Turn off machinery, gas and electricity supply in the
area of the outbreak
•Close doors and windows but do not lock or bolt them
•Remove combustible materials away from the path of
the fire, if the fire is small
•Attack small fires with appropriate extinguisher

26. ANY QUESTION

27. FOR LISTENING!!!!