FIRE PROTECTION lecture in firefighting cours.pptx

FIRE PROTECTION lecture in firefighting course

1. FIRE PROTECTION COURSE

2. LECTURE (1) Introduction, legend, abbreviations, symbols & applicable codes and standards for fire protection systems. Basis of design & philosophy of fire protection systems identifications and approaches.

3. Fire start when a flammable material, in combination with a sufficient quantity of an oxidizer (air) is exposed to a source of (heat). The fire triangle consists of three basic things first , a source of heat, second, oxygen gas, which helps in ignition, and third, fuel, which ensures the continuation of the fire. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS FIRE TRIANGLE INTRODUCTION 3

4. In order to avoid a fire, one of the three sides must be broken The heat side can stopped with cooling area that’s by water sprinkler systems and fire stand pipe system. The second side is the Oxygen gas, we can decease the Oxygen around the flame by using gas suppression system (Co2 – FM 200 – FOAM…etc.) We will discuss ways to prevent fire by different means separately. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS INTRODUCTION 4

5. LEGEND: AAV AUTOMATIC AIR VENT ARC AUTOMATIC DRY POWDER FIRE EXTINGUISHER BI BREECHING INLET BIP BREECHING INLET PIPE B.O.P BOTTOM OF PIPE CA CLEAN AGENT PIPE CM CROSS MAIN COA PRE-ACTION SYSTEM COMPRESSED AIR PIPE COV. COVERAGE CSP SPRINKLER PIPE IN CHUTE LEGEND, ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS 5

6. LEGEND: DP DRAIN PIPE FBC FIRE BLANKET CABINET FE-1 ABC MULTI PURPOSE DRY POWDER FIRE EXTINGUISHER FE-2 CARBON DIOXIDE FIRE EXTINGUISHER FE-3 WET CHEMICAL FIRE EXTINGUISHER FLC FLUSHING CONNECTION FFL FINISH FLOOR LEVEL FLX FLEXIBLE CONNECTION FHC II FHC WITH ABC MULTI PURPOSE DRY POWDER EXTINGUISHER FHC IIA FHC WITH NON MAGNETIC CARBON DIOXIDE FIRE EXTINGUISHER LEGEND, ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS 6

7. LEGEND: GPS GALVANIZED SLEEVE GPM GALLON PER MINUTE HPZ HIGH PRESSURE ZONE LPZ LOW PRESSURE ZONE LV LANDING VALVE OS&Y OUT-SIDE SCREW AND YOKE PCM PRE-ACTION CROSS MAIN PG PRESSURE GAUGE PRV PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE RC RACK CABINET RM ROOF MANIFOLD LEGEND, ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS 7

8. LEGEND: SP SPRINKLER SV SUPERVISORY VALVE ASSEMBLY T/A TO ABOVE T/B TO BELOW U/G UNDERGROUND ZCV ZONE CONTROL VALVE LEGEND, ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS 8

9. SYMBOLS LEGEND, ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS 9

10. SYMBOLS LEGEND, ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS 10

11. SYMBOLS LEGEND, ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS 11

12. SYMBOLS LEGEND, ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS Upright Sprinkler Pendent Sprinkler Side Wall Sprinkler Automatic Dry Powder Fire Extinguisher 12

13. SYMBOLS LEGEND, ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS O.S&Y Gate valve Pressure Reducing Valve Water Flow Switch Landing Valve 13

14. SYMBOLS LEGEND, ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS Fire Hose reel Fire Hydrant Fire Hose station Fire Department Siamese Connection 14

15. SYMBOLS LEGEND, ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS Post Indictor Valve Tamper Switch Alarm Check Valve Inspector Test & Drain Assembly 15

16. SPRINKLER APPLICATION CHART LEGEND, ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS 16

17. GENERAL NOTES LEGEND, ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS All sprinkler work shall conform to the latest requirements of the NFPA-13 and all local authorities and agencies having jurisdiction . The fire protection systems shall be to the approval of local authorities with design criteria according to density area curves NFPA#13, 2019 (see next page) as follows: A) Back of house areas, loading docks shall be ordinary hazard group 2 with a density of 8.2 L/min/m 2 over an area of 140m 2 . B) Patient /guest rooms , clinics, offices, public toilets & corridors shall be light hazard with a density of 4.1 L/min/m 2 over an area of 140m 2 . C) Storage rooms, mechanical & pump rooms, fan rooms, multi-purpose & assembly rooms shall be ordinary hazard group 2 with a density of 8.2 L/min/m 2 over an area of 140m 2 17

18. LEGEND, ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS 18

19. GENERAL NOTES LEGEND, ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS Refer to fire protection riser diagram drawings for additional sprinkler standpipe requirements .   In all areas contractor shall verify and include for any additional sprinkler heads for co-ordination with final architectural & structural requirements .   Review all drawings of mechanical equipment rooms, pump rooms fan rooms, ... etc. and include for additional sprinkler heads as required to suit duct work and equipment obstructions ... etc .   All piping shall run close to beams, walls and slabs, square to building construction, concealed above hung ceiling and within furred spaces . 19

20. GENERAL NOTES LEGEND, ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS Contractor shall coordinate sprinkler head and piping locations with all other trades & disciplines. Contractor to verify for any location of ducts over 2m wide and provide sprinkler system below and above ducts as per code requirements. Sprinkler system shall be provided throughout, in all spaces of buildings or as other wise required . Provide auxiliary fire hose reels or auxiliary fire hose reels in cabinets in addition to fire hose reels located in stairs as per NFPA-14. (coverage - 800m) 20

21. GENERAL NOTES LEGEND, ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS Provide fire extinguishers in all locations of fire hose reels or fire hose reels in cabinets and also in all other locations as per NFPA-10, coverage 200 m light hazard, 150 m ordinary hazard or as shown in drawings. Exact location of the auxiliary fire hose apparatus/FE including fire hose reels, fire hose reels in cabinets, fire brigade wound hoses in cabinets and all fire extinguishers are subject to the final coordination with architect and the interior designer. For areas where false ceiling void is more than 800mm in height contractor shall supply upright and/or pendent sprinklers as per NFPA . Wherever pipe passes through structural expansion joint, a flexible rubber or neoprene connector should be installed 21

22. الكود المصرى لأسس التصميم وإشتراطات التنفيذ لحماية المنشآت من الحريق. SAUDI AND EGYPTIAN FIRE CODES AND STANDARDS اللجنة الوطنية لكود البناء السعودى VISION 2030 رؤية المملكة العربية السعودية KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA Saudi Building Code National Committee (SBCNC) كود الحماية من الحرائق Saudi Fire Code SBC 801 – CR – 18 كود البناء السعودى Saudi Building Code Egyptian Fire Codes 22

23. CODES AND STANDARDS: INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODES AND STANDARDS ANSI American National Standard Institute (ANSI). ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). ASTM American society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). AWS American Welding Society (AWS). AWWA American Water Works Association (AWWA). FM Factory Mutual (FM). MSS Manufacturer’s Standardization Society of the Valve and Fitting Industry (MSS). NEC National Electrical Code (NEC). NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Associations (NEMA). NFPA National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). UL Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL). 23

24. CODES & STANDARDS NFPA CODES AND STANDARDS: NFPA 1 97 Edition. Fire prevention code. NFPA 10 98 Edition. Standard for portable fire extinguishers NFPA 12 00 Edition. Standard on carbon dioxide extinguishing systems. NFPA 13 99 Edition. Standard for the installation of sprinkler systems. NFPA 13R 96 Edition. Standard for the installation of sprinkler systems in residential occupancies up to and including four stories in height. NFPA 14 96 Edition. Standard for the installation of standpipe and hose systems. NFPA 24 96 Edition. Standard for the installation of private fire service mains and their appurtenances. NFPA 25 98 Edition. Standard for the inspection, testing and maintenance of water-based fire protection systems. NFPA 45 00 Edition. Standard for protection for laboratories using chemicals. NFPA 54 99 Edition. National fuel gas code. NFPA 70 99 Edition. National electrical code. 24

25. CODES & STANDARDS NFPA 72 99 Edition. National fire alarm code. NFPA 99 99 Edition. Standard for health care facilities. NFPA 101 00 Edition. Life safety code. NFPA 231C 95 Edition. Standard for rack storage of materials. NFPA 232 95 Edition. Standard for the protection of records. NFPA 232A 95 Edition. Guide for fire protection for archives and record centers. NFPA 909 01 Edition. Standard for the protection of cultural resources including museums, libraries, places of worship , and historic properties. NFPA 910 97 Edition. Recommended practice for the protection of libraries and library collection. NFPA 1963 98 Edition. Standard for fire hose connections. NFPA 2001 96 Edition. Standard on clean agent fire extinguishing systems. NFPA CODES AND STANDARDS: 25

26. CODES & STANDARDS ASME B 16.1 98 Edition. Cast iron pipe flanges and flanged fittings. ASME A 17.1/D 00 Edition. Safety code for elevators. ASME B 1.20.1 92 Edition. Pipe threads, general purpose. ASTM A 53/53M 01 Edition. Standard specifications for seamless or welded carbon black steel pipe. ASTM A 126 95 Edition. Standard specifications for grey iron casting for valves, flanges and pipe fittings. ASTM A 135 01 Edition. Standard specifications for electric – resistance welded steel pipe. ASTM A 197 /A197M 00 Edition. Standard specifications for cupola malleable iron. ASTM A 307 00 Edition. Standard specifications for carbon steel bolts and studs. Potential Items Codes And Standards 26

27. CODES & STANDARDS ASTM E 380 91 Edition. Standard for metric practice. AWWA C 104/A 21.4 95 Edition. Cement mortar lining for ductile iron pipe and fittings for water. AWWA C 110/A 21.10 98 Edition. Ductile iron and gray iron fittings for water and other liquids. AWWA C115/A 21.15 99 Edition. Flanged ductile iron pipe with ductile iron or gray iron threaded flanges. AWWA C 150/A 21.50 96 Edition. Thickness design of ductile iron pipe. AWWA C 151/A 21.51 96 Edition. Ductile cast iron pipe centrifugally cast for water. AWWA C 153/A 21.53 00 Edition. Ductile iron compact fittings for water service. Potential Items Codes And Standards 27

28. CODES & STANDARDS AWWA C 203 97 Edition. Coal-tar protective coatings and linings for steel water pipe lines enamel and tape – hot applied. AWWA C 205 00 Edition. Cement – mortar protective lining and coating for steel water pipe shop applied. AWWA C 206 97 Edition. Field welding of steel water pipe AWWA C 208 96 Edition. Dimensions for fabricated steel water pipe fittings. AWWA C 502 94 Edition. Standard of manufacture and use of dry barrel hydrants. AWWA C 606 97 Edition. Grooved and shouldered joints. AWWA M11 89 Edition. A guide for steel pipe – design and installation 3 rd . edition. AWWA M14 90 Edition. Recommended practice for backflow prevention and cross connection control 2 nd . edition. AWWA M 41 96 Edition. Ductile iron and pipe fittings. Potential Items Codes And Standards 28

29. CODES & STANDARDS FM 1110 95 Edition. Indicator posts FM 1221 95 Edition. Back flow preventers FM 1321 99 Edition. Controllers for electric motor driven fire pumps FM 1333 97 Edition. Diesel engine fire pump drivers. NEMA IC S2 99 Edition. Industrial control devises, controllers and assemblies. NEMA 250 97 Edition. Enclosures for electrical equipment. UL 199 tenth 97 Edition. Automatic sprinklers for fire protection service. Potential Items Codes And Standards 29

30. CODES & STANDARDS UL 203 eighth 96 Edition. Pipe hanger equipment for fire protection service. UL 219 second 93 Edition. Lined fire hose for interior standpipes. UL 246 seventh 93 Edition. Hydrants for fire protection service. UL 262 seventh 94 Edition. Gate valves for fire protection service. UL 300 second 96 Edition. Fire testing of fire extinguishing systems for protection of restaurant cooking areas. Potential Items Codes And Standards 30

31. CODES & STANDARDS U L S T A N D A R D S Underwriters Laboratories (UL) is a globally recognized standards company that works to establish safety guidelines and industry standards for the design, production, and marketing of a wide variety of products and components worldwide, with a particular focus on products manufactured and disseminated in North America. UL is dedicated to the development of more secure and sustainable products through the creation of reliable, repeatable testing UL testing is particularly valuable for the standardization and safe operation of electrical components. Many industries require UL testing for the electrical equipment incorporated into power and data systems. Some of the most common industries that benefit from UL-certified products include aerospace, automotive, consumer goods, oil and gas, and power generation. When determining the right product and UL specifications for your industry or application, it is important to understand the difference between products that are "UL Listed" and those that are "UL Recognized". 31

32. CODES & STANDARDS FM APPROVAL FM Global is a property insurance company operating from the philosophy that most losses can be prevented. They provide insurance products and property loss prevention engineering services to protect their clients' worldwide operations. FM Approval is part of the FM Global Group and it is a testing and certification service. Products that pass the five-step approval process are issued the globally acknowledged FM mark to support property loss prevention and to signify that they will perform as expected. 32

33. BASIS OF DESIGN INTRODUCTION Pressurized fire water pump main shall be designed in order to provide pressure requirements at the hydraulically most remote fire department outlet, as per the applicable code (NFPA). A central fire pump system connected to the combined domestic & fire water storage tank supplying A building interior combined fire standpipe and sprinkler system will be provided .   33

34. BASIS OF DESIGN INTRODUCTION A complete, manual fire hose extinguishments , wet pipe, automatic fire suppression, fully sprinklered, combined class III fire standpipe and sprinkler riser building system will be provided throughout the entire project . 34

35. BASIS OF DESIGN INTRODUCTION Additionally, clean agent centralized stand alone automatic extinguishing systems will be provided for collections / areas having so valuable, rare, or vulnerable items, and their protection becomes one of the institution’s highest priorities, the only acceptable level of loss is zero. Clean agent automatic extinguishing systems will be provided for electrical rooms and other rooms with such concern . 35

36. Hose Stream Stations Hose R eel / Rack stations with 40 mm Dia. (1½ Inch), Pressure restricting / reducing type hose valves w/ hoses and nozzles in addition to the hand held portable manual fire extinguishers, for building occupants use, also the 65 mm Dia . (2½ Inch ), fire department Pressure restricting / reducing type hose valves , for fire department use, will be both provided at standpipes and combined risers located at exit stair ways . 36

37. Hose Stream Hydraulic Analysis System shall be hydraulically designed in order to provide a minimum flow rate of 1892 L/min. (500 GPM.) at a minimum residual pressure of 6.9 bar (100 psi) at the outlet of the hydraulically most remote 65 mm Dia. fire department landing valve, and a minimum flow rate of 947 L/min (250 GPM.) at a minimum residual pressure of 4.5 bar (65 psi )at the outlet of the hydraulically most remote 40 mm Dia. hose Reel / Rack valve station. 37

38. Design Basis Approach The type of different fire suppression systems suitable for each area will be provided depending on the nature of the area itself, the proposed systems for different applications / spaces can be summarized as follows: 1- Automatic sprinkler systems . 2- FM 200 automatic fire suppression systems. 3- Automatic foam fire suppression systems 4- CO 2 automatic extinguishment fire suppression systems . 5- Automatic water mist systems 6- Portable hand held fire extinguishers (Dry powder &. CO 2 ). 38

39. Automatic Sprinkler System 39

40. Automatic Sprinkler System 40

41. Automatic Combined FSP & Sprinkler System (B) Fire Pump Room (A) Water Tank (C) Zone control valve (D) Fire Dept. Landing Valve (E) Automatic Air Vent B A D C E Fire Water Riser Diagram 41

42. (A) Water TANK Automatic Combined FSP & Sprinkler System 42

43. (A) Water TANK Combined Fire Protection & Domestic Water Pump Room Automatic Combined FSP & Sprinkler System 43

44. (B) Fire Pump Room Automatic Combined FSP & Sprinkler System 44

45. (B) Pump Room Combined Fire Protection & Domestic Water Pump Room Automatic Combined FSP & Sprinkler System 45

46. (C) Zone Control Valve Automatic Combined FSP & Sprinkler System 46

47. Fire Standpipe System (D) Fire Department Landing Valve Dry Main Riser Wet Main Riser 47

48. Fire Standpipe (E) Automatic Air Vent 48

49. FM - 200 Fire Suppression Systems Clean agent centralized stand-alone automatic extinguishing systems will be used for all electrical rooms, switch gear rooms, generator room, light current room and the centralized control rooms, and will be provided consisting of cylinders, sectional valves, nozzles and control panel.   49

50. FM 200 Automatic Fire Suppression Systems 50

51. FM 200 Automatic Fire Suppression Systems 51

52. Automatic foam fire systems will be used for the helipad and will be designed generally in accordance NFPA 16 (Foam Water Suppression System). The system is based on water being pumped by the main fire pump were foam component is inducted into the water line via fixed foam indicator at an induction rate of 3%. This premix solution is then fed via suitably sized distribution pipes to the foam system nozzles. Automatic Foam Fire Suppression Systems 52

53. Automatic Foam Fire Suppression Systems 1- Deluge Valve 2- Isolation Valve 3- Diaphragm Supply Valve 4- Manual Control Panel 5- Automatic Shut-off Valve 6- Automatic Drain Valve 7- Pressure Switch 8- Water Motor Gong 9- Releasing Panel 10- Spray Nozzle 11- Smoke Heat Detector 12- Solenoid Valve 13- Foam Proportioner 14- Foam Bladder Tank 15- Foam Concentrate 16- Hydraulic Ball Valve 53

54. Foam Fire Suppression Systems for Oil Tanks Automatic Foam Fire Suppression Systems 54

55. Foam Fire Suppression Systems for Helipad Automatic Foam Fire Suppression Systems 55

56. Automatic Foam Fire Suppression Systems 56

57. CO 2 Automatic Extinguishment Fire Suppression Systems CO 2 centralized automatic extinguishing systems will be used for High Voltage rooms, oil filled transformer rooms (in case oil filled type transformer is used in lieu of dry type transformer), Parallel operation Panel, Ring main unit room and Medium Voltage rooms. The system will be consisting of cylinders, sectional valves, nozzles and control panels .   57

58. CO 2 Automatic Extinguishment Fire Suppression Systems 58

59. Typical Schematic CO 2 Fire Suppression System CO 2 Automatic Extinguishment Fire Suppression Systems 59

60. Automatic Water Mist Systems Water mist system is required for fire fighting of high valued places which may be damaged with the action of traditional sprinkler system due to the exposure to high capacity of water as follows:- Museums Historical palaces & galleries National libraries & achieves Data centers 60

61. High pressure pumps 140 bar supplying for about 30 minutes by 3m3 water tank Gas pumping unit consisting of (Nitrogen & Water Cylinders 50 liters) Diesel & electrical pumping unit Nozzles are made of stainless steal Pipes are made of stainless steal valves are made of stainless steal Automatic Water Mist Systems 61

62. Automatic Water Mist Systems 62

63. Automatic Water Mist Systems 63

64. Portable Hand Held Fire Extinguishers (CO2, Dry Powder &. Wet Chemical) There are different types of Fire extinguisher, CO2, dry powder , and wet chemical...etc. each of fire extinguisher is suitable for different fire classes. Carbon dioxide (CO2) - Class B and electrical equipment Dry powder - Class A, B, C (flammable gases) and electrical equipment Wet chemical - Class F (deep fat) fires, sometimes class A 64

65. Portable Hand Held Fire Extinguishers (CO2, Dry Powder &. Wet Chemical) 65