First past the post (fptp)

First Past the Post (FPTP)/ Single-Member Districts (SMD)/ Multi-Member Districts (MMD)

1. First Past the Post

2. Run-off ( Two Round System )

3. Run-off (Instant Run-off) First Round 342 214 298 1st choice Elle Don Key 2nd choice Don Key Don 3rd choice Key Elle Elle Second Round 342 512 1st choice Elle Key 2nd choice Key Elle

4. Alternative Vote

5. First Past the Post (FPTP)

6. The other basic form of electoral system is the first past the post (FPTP) system . The candidate who receives the plurality of the vote—the most votes—in that district earns the seat.

7. Pure FPTP systems use a plurality rule rather than a majority rule. FPTP systems are sometimes called “plurality systems . a pure FPTP system can result in a large number of candidates, with the winner earning the seat with a small percentage of the vote.

8. Some countries amend the plurality rule through the use of run-off. In a runoff, the two candidates who receive the most votes in the first round of voting compete again. The candidate who gets a majority of the vote in this second round is elected.

9. a runoff system is also known as a majority or majoritarian system. The runoff approach is not only used in legislative elections. Runoffs are common in presidential elections around the world as well.

10. FPTP approach involves voters selecting a candidate from each party in a primary election to compete as that party’s candidate in the general election.

11. Single-Member Districts versus Multi-Member Districts

12. Single Member Districts When voters in each electoral district choose only one representative, the system is also often referred to as a Single-member district (SMD) system or even just a “district system.”

13. alternative vote ( AV ) approach, voters are allowed to rank candidates seeking office in an electoral district .

14. In elections using AV, the first step involves counting the first place votes from all ballots. If no candidate receives a majority of the votes, the candidate who finished last is removed, and the second-place vote totals are added to the first place votes. If there is still no candidate with a majority, the process is repeated with the third-place votes and so on until a majority of votes has been secured. Such a system benefits candidates who are everyone’s second choice but few people’s first choice.

15. MULTI-MEMBER DISTRICTS An alternative to the use of single-member districts is the multi-member district (MMD) approach. In MMD systems, several candidates are selected from a single electoral district .

16. Single Transferable Vote (STV ) system, The combination of a preference arrangement and multi-member districts. Rather than a majority of the votes (as in the State of preference systems used in SMD systems), candidates in a STV system have to earn a certain predetermined portion of the total votes cast to be elected.

17. Second Past The Post (SPTP) rule, allow the party finishing second in an electoral district to receive at least one seat from that district, even if candidates from the party finishing first receive more than one seat. T his is the principle of the first minority.

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