Fish by products ; by UMAIYA FAROOQ

Fish By-products by UMAIYA FAROOQ

1. Presented by : Umaiya Farooq M.Sc (Final) 15ZYM20 Fish By-products Section of Fishery Sciences Department of Zoology A.M.U., Aligarh

2. introduction Fish is one of the protein rich foods of humans since ancient times. Also known as poor man’s diet. Fish is also the world’s best source of omega-3 fatty acids , which are incredibly important for our body and brain. About 1/3rd of world catch of fish is not used for direct human consumption but for production of fish byproducts.

3. Fish byproducts A byproduct is a secondary product derived from a manufacturing process or chemical reaction . Due to unavailability of ready market and non nearness of market, fish is preserved as food yet other utilizations of fish in which protein , fat and other useful contents are processed into a number of valuable byproducts.

4. Fish by-products include: Fish Oil Fish Meal Fish Silage Fish Glue Fish Fertilizer Tatami Iwashi Isin Glass Fish Skin Fish oil Fish meal

5. Fish oil is derived from the tissues of oily fish or from the fat of cold water fish such as Anchovies, Mackerel and Sardine. Fish oil approximately has 25% saturated and 75%unsaturated fatty acids. Omega 3 essential fatty acids (EFAs) are  key ingredients  of fish oil. These EFAs are: docosahexaenoicacid (DHA)  and eicosapentaenoicacid (EPA ) Fish oil

6. Fish Liver Oil Liver is chopped into small pieces and is boiled into sufficient water. The oil is skimmed off from the surface of water. Composition : Fat 55- 75% Protein 5-10% Water 20-36% Vitamin A and D It has high levels of the  omega 3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA ) and docosahexaenoic acid  ( DHA) S ources of liver oil are Cod, Haddock and Shark .

7. Benefits of Fish Liver Oil Cod liver oil can cure both ‘rickets’ and ‘exophthalmia ’. The fish oil is helpful in the growth of teeth and bones. DHA is the most vital component in the development of the fat in the brain of the fetus. DHA also benefits the nervous system and the eyes. EPA strengthens the cardiovascular system, reduces the risk of heart disease and strokes, and lowers triglycerides. EPA work to ease the pain and discomfort of  arthritis.

8. Fish Body Oil Oil is extracted from either whole fish or fish fat It varies in colour i.e. pale yellow to light brown to brown. Composition : Polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly omega-3-PUFA . Sources : Sardine , Pilchard , Herring

9. Benefits of fish Body Oil It is used in the manufacture of soaps and candles. It is used in oiling the bottom of the boats to protect them against sea-rot. It is used in manufacture of paints and varnishes that are more resistant to heat. A good quality oil is clear pale yellow to brown in color , while dark colored oil is of inferior quality.

10. Fish Meal is a dry powder prepared from whole fish or from fish filleting wastes which are unacceptable for human consumption. It is used as a high-protein supplement in aquaculture feed . Composition:  High-quality fishmeal normally contains between 60% and 72% crude protein by weight. Fish meal

11. Benefits of fish meal Increases feed efficiency through better food palatability, and enhances nutrient uptake, digestion, and absorption. The balanced amino acid composition of fishmeal promote fast growth and reduce feeding costs. The nutrients aid in disease resistance by boosting and helping to maintain a healthy functional immune system. Helps to reduce pollution from the wastewater effluent by providing greater nutrient digestibility. Mukene fish powder contain high levels of Ca, Zn, Fe, P and Se (FAO).

12. FAO Report 2015 Globally 795 million people are malnourished. 1.2 billion people are iron deficient . WHO estimate that every second pregnant women & 40% infants are anemic. 10 gms of Mukene powder provide 10 % of daily needs of iron intake among children. 10 gms of Tuna backbone powder provides 3.6 mg of iron or 40% recommended daily iron needs.

13. Fish Silage It is a liquid product made from whole fish or parts of fish that are liquefied by the action of enzymes in the presence of an added acid. It can be made from spoiled fish, sub-utilized species and commercial fish waste. The proteins present in the fish silage can also be hydrolyzed to free amino acids, making the silage the most available source of amino acids for protein biosynthesis .

14. Fish glue is made by boiling the skin, bones and swim bladders of fish. Applications: U sed to repair animal-based sheets called parchments, which are used for writing. U sed in painting materials by some artists in China .. Act as a binder, glazing agent, or protective coating for paintings. Used for building and repairing wooden antiques, as well as building new products. Fish glue

15. Fish Fertilizer It is an awesome product for promoting plant growth. The waste obtained during the preparation of fish meal is widely used as manure for coffee, tea & tobacco plantation.

16. Types of fish fertilizer Dry Fish Manure: It is obtained from destroyed fishes. W hole fish is dried in sunlight and used as manure. It contains 5-7 % N, 4-6% P and 4-6% Ca. Pit Manure: It is obtained by burning the fish wastes into the pits prepared in the soil & left for 35-60 days & allowed to dry in sunlight after fermentation. It contains 3-5% N, 3-6% P & 1-5%Ca. Fish G uano: The refuse of cooked fish body obtained after proper pressing during the extraction of oil is fish guano. It contains Nitrogen 8-10%, Phosphoric acid & disintegrates easily in the soil.

17. Tatami iwashi It is a Japanese processed food product made from baby  Sardines  laid out and dried while entwined in a single layer to form a large mat-like sheet. It can then be cut to various sizes and used in different ways. Common serving styles include use as an ingredient in soup or cut into small pieces for use as a snack or accompaniment to sake or beer drinking.

18. Isin Glass It is a substance obtained from the swim bladders of fish sturgeon. Uses: U sed in confectionery and desserts such as fruit jelly . Isinglass finings are widely used for clarification, of beer particularly in the production of cask-conditioned beers, known as real ale. Isinglass was used as a preservative for fresh eggs which were submerged in it. Isinglass is also used to help repair  parchment. Act as an  emulsifier.

19. Fish Skin Uses: Gelatin Food ingredient Feed binding agent Collagen Leathers Peizoelectric harvester

20. Fish Protein hydrolysates It is produced by the use of enzymes to break down fish proteins into amino acids (proteolysis). The resultant product is highly functional, contributing whipping, gelling and texturing properties when used as an ingredient in food products.

21. Fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) present Excellent amino acid balance Good digestibility. Rapid uptake. Biological activities of FPH Antioxidant activity Anti cancerous activity Antimicrobial activity

22. Thank you!!