Fish leather

It is a by-product of fish, in which fish skin is used for making various leather objects. It is ecofriendly than other methods of making leather objects.

1. FISH LEATHER P resented by Biplov shretsha , 05 B.Sc. Fisheries, 6 th semester AFU

2. introduction Fish Leather is an exotic leather made from fish skins that are discarded by the seafood industry. Fish skin is a rare type of leather and its surfaces are often very small . Fish leather is stronger than other leather types The tensile strength of fish leather reaches up to 90 Newton's (e.g. salmon or perch ). Collagen constitutes about 90% of all nitrogenous matter of the skin. Leather tanned from Indian shark skin is about one and half times superior to that from cow hides in strength and durability. It can be used as a suitable raw material for manufacture of suitcases, shoes, belts, vanity bags etc.

3. Fishes use for leather Numbers of fishes are use for making leather, some of the most common fishes are: Shark Salmon Carp Stingray Cod sea wolf sturgeon .

4. Making of fish leather Requirements Fish skin A knife Eggs and vegetable oil (e.g. sunflower oil ) A basin or other container And a wood fire made with rotting wood.

5. Steps of making fish leather Cleaning Removing of scales and rinsing skin thoroughly with cold or lukewarm water. Soaking Soaking the clean skin in a mixture of emulsified oils (such as brains, egg yolks or vegetable oil) makes it softer and better able to withstand the elements . The skin must be completely covered with the mixture and then left to soak for about 24 hours . https://www.hunebednieuwscafe.nl/2017/10/making-leather-from-fish-skin/

6. After soaking, the skin is again rinsed clean and wrung out to remove as much of the moisture as possible a nd stretch the skin in all directions and let it dry. 3. Smoking This last step is necessary to make the skin waterproof, and the smoke also prevents the growth of mould and bacteria . S moke the skin over a low fire and rotting wood are use to produce the maximum amount of smoke After smoking the skin might again feel a bit stiff, but it will become more supple if remove vigorously . After these steps the skin become leather and is ready to be used for making shoes, clothing, bags, belts, or even lanterns, etc.

7. Some common fish leathers

8. Carp leather Carp leather is soft and has a scaly structure. https://www.leather-dictionary.com/index.php/Fish_leather#Fish_leather_surfaces

9. Catfish leather The leather is smooth with a distinctive grain and drawing. https://www.leather-dictionary.com/index.php/Fish_leather#Fish_leather_surfaces

10. Salmon leather ironed and coloured . Salmon leather Salmon leather is thin and light and is about 60 - 65 centimetres long and 10 - 14 centimetres wide https://www.leather-dictionary.com/index.php/Fish_leather#Fish_leather_surfaces

11. Shark leather C overed with a microscopically small scale structure. Most common fish use for making leather https://www.leather-dictionary.com/index.php/Fish_leather#Fish_leather_surfaces

12. Tilapia fish leather Tilapia leather is relatively large and it has bigger scales. https://www.leather-dictionary.com/index.php/Fish_leather#Fish_leather_surfaces

13. Sturgeon leather Sturgeon leather has an unusual surface. It looks like wood or cork and is very solid. https://www.leather-dictionary.com/index.php/Fish_leather#Fish_leather_surfaces

14. conclusion Fish leathers are made from the skin of fishes which are discarded from seafood industry. It is eco-friendly and almost every fish are use for making leather but most use fish is shark because of its good quality and texture. Fish leather requires the same care as any leather product. Spots are clean with mild soap and water.

15. Thank you

16. References https:// www.leather-dictionary.com/index.php/Fish_leather#Fish_leather_surfaces https://www.hunebednieuwscafe.nl/2017/10/making-leather-from-fish-skin / https:// www.ehow.com/how_2306721_make-fish-leather.html