FIVE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION-RH Whittaker

FIVE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION-RH Whittaker -easy and short summary

1. MICROBIOLOGY QUICK LEARN FIVE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION Ms Saajida Sultaana Mahusook

2. FIVE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION Five kingdom classification was proposed by RH Whittaker in 1969 . Criteria for classification   Complexity of cell structure - prokaryote, eukaryote Complexity of organisms - unicellular, multicellular Mode of nutrition - plants(autotrophs), fungi( heterotroph and saprobic absorption) and animals( heterotroph and ingestion) Lifestyle - Producers(plants), consumers( animals), decomposers(fungi) Phylogenetic relationships - prokaryote to eukaryote, unicellular to multicellular

3. This system places all living things into one of the five basic kingdoms.    

4. MONERA OR PROKARYOTE This kingdom includes all unicellular and prokaryotic organisms that lack a well define nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Bacteria occur everywhere and they are microscopic in nature. They possess a cell wall formed of amino acids and polysaccharides. Bacteria can be autotrophic and heterotrophic. They are both autotrophic (photosynthetic or chemosynthetic) and heterotrophic (parasitic or saprophytic). Reproduction: Asexual(binary fission) Sub-groups - Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. Eg Bacteria and Blue green algae

5. PROTISTA They are unicellular and eukaryotic organisms. Some of them have pseudopodia, cilia or flagella for motility. They possess autotrophic and heterotrophic mode of nutrition. Protista reproduce mostly asexually and sexually with cell fusion and zygote formation.  Sub-groups- Chrysophytes ( golden algae), Dinoflagellates , Euglenoids , Euglenoids and Protozoans. Eg Amoeba, Euglena , Paramecium

6. FUNGI They are unicellular and multicellular eukaryotic organisms. The filamentous fungi comprises of slender, long thread-like constructions called hyphae. The mass of hyphae is called mycelium. The cell wall of fungi is composed of polysaccharides and chitin. They are distict from plants that they donot produce chlorophyll. Fungi are heterotrophic. Most of the fungi are saprophytes, Some fungi are symbiont and parasites. The symbiont fungi live in association with algae, called as lichens; and in association with roots of higher plants called as mycorrhiza . Reproduction in fungi is mostly by vegetative method such as fragmentation, fission, budding and asexual reproductiuon by spores. Eg Yeast (unicellular), Moulds , Mushrooms(multicellular)

7. PLANTAE The kingdom Plantae consists of multicellular, eukaryotes which have chloroplast. They are autotrophic in nature The cell wall mainly comprises of cellulose. They exhibit high level of tissue differentiation and specialized body organs. Plants have two distinct phases in their lifecycle-Alternation of Generation. These phases alternate with each other. The diploid saprophytic and the haploid gametophytic phase. The lengths of the diploid and haploid phases vary among dissimilar groups of plants.  Plants reproduce through asexual vegetative propogation and sexual method.  Eg Plants

8. ANIMALIA The kingdom includes multicellular, eukaryotes and lack cell wall. They are heterotrophic in nature. The animals are directly or indirectly dependent on food on plants. Their mode of nutrition is holozoic( ingestion). Many of the animals are adept for locomotion. They reproduce by sexual mode of reproduction. Eg insects, animals, birds, humans.

9. Five Kingdom Classification

10. Reference: https://byjus.com/biology/five-kingdoms-classification/ https://nptel.ac.in/courses/122103039/2 THANK YOU