Fixed action pattern (fap)

Fixed Action Pattern (FAP) is a series or sequence of acts that occur behaviorally in animals. it is also known as instinctive behaviour as it is determined by gene of an organism and exhibited automatically without having any prior experience.

1. Fixed action patterns (FAP) Presented by – Jahnabi Silponia MSc 3 rd Sem Kumaun University

2. Introduction Characteristics of FAP Components- Taxes Kinesis Reflexes Instincts Releasers References Contents-

3. A fix action pattern is a series or sequence of acts that occur behaviorally in animals. The sequence is unchangeable and will be carried out to completion once started, regardless of changes in the original stimulus. FAP is also known as instinctive behavior because it is determined by gene of an organism. Introduction-

4. It is found to be same in all members of a species. E.g. Egg rolling behavior in graylag goose The behavior is performed correctly the 1 st time without prior experience. It is stimulated by a sign stimulus. Once started, run to completion with no further input Characteristics of FAP

5. An automatic movement made by an animal towards or away from a stimulus. A taxis is said to be positive if the animal heads directly towards the stimulus, negative if away from it. Types- Phototaxis Chemotaxis Geotaxis Taxes

6. Phototaxis – movement toward or away from light. It is of 2 types- positive and negative phototaxis Positive if moves towards a light. E.g. flight of moth towards a light. Negative if moves away from light. E.g. Cockroach running for cover when lights are turned on. 2) Chemotaxis – It is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus. It is of two types- positive and negative Chemotaxis . Positive if the movement is toward a higher concentration of the chemical and negative if the movement is in opposite direction .

7. 3. Geotaxis - movement toward or away from gravity. Positive if movement is toward gravity. E.g.- plant root b) Negative if movement is away from gravity. E.g.- tree growing taller

8. Kinesis is a response to an environmental condition by changing the rate at which an activity is performed. It is of two types Orthokinesis – Here a relationship exists between the speed of locomotion and the intensity of stimulation. Klinokinesis - It deals with the undirected changes in the turning from side to side. E.g. Humidity kinesis in wood louse Kinesis

9. A reflex is an automatic response of part of the body to a stimulus. The response is inborn. They are rapid acts that require no conscious control. Eg . The withdrawl reflex of the hand from a hot stove occurs before we are consciously aware of the temperature. Reflexes can be unconditioned and conditioned. Reflexes

10. Any behaviour is instinctive if it is performed without being based upon prior experience. Example- newly hatched sea turtles automatically move toward the ocean. Shaking water from wet fur in dog. instincts

11. Releasers, also called sign stimuli, are those stimuli that are capable of releasing FAP of those animal. Konrad Lorenz (1972) was the first biologist to identify sign stimuli. Types of releasers Releasers It is of 3 types- Visual releasers- They are morphological characters that are displayed to elicit response. E.g. Peacock dances and displays its beautiful feathers to attract Peahen .

12. 2. Auditory releasers - Song birds such as Cuckoo, nightingales establish their territory and attract the female for mating by singing, often for several days. 3. Chemical releasers - it is released in the atmosphere & act as releasers on the individual of same or other species. It can be sex pheromone, trail pheromone etc.

13. Arora M.P., Animal behaviour www.khanacademy.org References

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