Flame Photometry.pptx

Flame Photometry is also called as flame emission spectroscopy. Flame Photometry is branch of atomic spectroscopy. It is used to detected certain metal ions like sodium,potassium,magenisum etc.

1. Flame Photometry Dr. Neetu Soni , SHUATS, Prayagraj , UP

2. The principle of flame photometer is based on the measurement of the emitted light intensity when a metal is introduced into the flame. The wavelength of the colour gives information about the element and the colour of the flame gives information about the amount of the element present in the sample.

3. The term “flame emission spectrometry” (FES) or “flame photometry” is an atomic optical emission spectroscopy technique that uses the flame as the source of atoms excitation.

4. Limitations of flame photometry Flame  photometry cannot be used for the direct determination of each and every metal atom. A number of metal atoms cannot be analysed by this method. The elements such as carbon, hydrogen and halides cannot be detected due to their non-radiating nature. Flame Photometry is also called as flame emission spectroscopy. Flame Photometry is branch of atomic spectroscopy. It is used to detected certain metal ions like sodium,potassium,magenisum etc.

5. Sample is sprayed into a flame and it converted to droplets . Due to the thermal energy of the flame the solvent in the droplets evaporate , leaving behind fine residue, which are converted to neutral atoms. This neutral atoms are get energy form thermal energy and go exited state but they are unstable at exited state so they are return to ground state with emission of specific wave length radiation. The wavelength of the radiation emitted is characteristic of the elements  and is used to identify the elements (Qualitative Analysis). The intensity of the radiation emitted depends upon the concentration of the element analysed ( Quantiative Analysis).

6. Principle

7. INSTRUMENTATION OF A FLAME PHOTOMETER :-

8. COMPONENTS OF A FLAME PHOTOMETER  Burner (With fuel and oxidant) Filter/ Monochromator Detector Read out device

9. Burner :- There are different burners available which are used to spray the sample solution into fine droplet mix with fuel and oxidant so that a homogenous flame of stable intensity is obtained. The most common ones are mecker burner, total consumption burner and laminar flow burner . MECKER BURNER 2. TOTAL CONSUMPTION BURNER 3. PREMIX OF LEMINAR 4. LUNDERGRAPH BURNER

10. FILTER / MONOCHROMATOR :- In simple flame photometer the monochromator is prism but in expensive models the grating monochromator is used. Quarts is the material for making prism because it is transparent over the entire range. DETECTOR :- The radiation emitted by the elements is mostly in the visible region. Hence conventional detectors like photo voltaic cell or photo tubes can be used. In a flame spectrophotometer, photomultiplier tube is used as detector.

11. APPLICATION :- • To estimate sodium, potassium, calcium, lithium etc. level in sample of serum, urine, CSF and other body fluids. •Flame photometry is useful for the determination of alkali and alkaline earth metals. •Used in determination of lead in petrol. •Used in the study of equilibrium constants involving in ion exchange resins. •Used in determination of calcium and magnesium in cement .