FLASH CHROMATOGRAPHY PPT.pptx

Briefly introduce what flash chromatography is and its purpose in scientific research.

Explain the key principles of flash chromatography, including the differences between normal phase and reverse phase chromatography.

Discuss the equipment required for flash chromatography and the different types of media that can be used.

Provide examples of when flash chromatography is commonly used in scientific research, such as in drug discovery or natural product isolation.

Discuss the advantages and limitations of flash chromatography compared to other chromatography techniques.

Highlight any novel or innovative applications of flash chromatography that you may have explored in your research.

Conclude with a summary of the key takeaways from your presentation, including any practical tips or advice for those looking to use flash chromatography in their own work.

1. GURU NANAK INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (An Autonomous Institute ) TOPIC - FLASH CHROMATOGRAPHY NAME OF THE STUDENT : MOHAMMAD JAVED PNR NUMBER: 186112201008 ACADEMIC SESSION: 2022-23 PAPER NAME: ADVANCE SPECTRAL ANALYSIS PAPER CODE: MPT 2031 Affiliated to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology

2. TABLE OF CONTENT 1 . INTRODUCTION 2.PRINCIPLE 3.COLOUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY(BRIEF) 4.INSTRUMENTATION 5.COLOUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY Vs FLASH CHROMATOGRAPHY 6.WORKING 7.ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE 8.APPLICATIONS 9.CONCLUSION 10.REFERENCE

3. INTRODUCTION Flash chromatography was discovered in 1978 by W. Clark Still in Columbia University. Flash chromatography is advanced version of column chromatography .[1] Flash chromatography is also called medium pressure chromatography.

4. PRINCIPLE OF FLASH CHROMATOGRAPHY Chromatography exploits the differences in partitioning behavior between a mobile phase and a stationary phase to separate the components in a mixture. In flash chromatography gas-pressurized solvent reservoir is used to accelerate solvent flow and achieve superior chemical separations in less time than traditional gravity-based column chromatography .[2][3]

5. COLOUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY(THE CONVENTIONAL) In column chromatography a crude reaction mixture is applied on top of a bed of silica gel loaded in a glass column. A gravity-fed solvent mixture (mobile phase) passes through the vertical column of silica gel (stationary phase), separating the individual products of the crude reaction mixture . [4]

6. INSTRUMENTATION Selection of Stationary Phase Silica: Slightly acidic medium. Best for ordinary compounds, good separation is achieved. Alumina: Basic or neutral medium. Can be effective for easy separations, and purification of amines. Reverse phase silica: The most polar compounds elute fastest, the most nonpolar slowest . [1]

7. Selection of Solvent Systems Flash column chromatography is usually carried out with a mixture of two solvents, with a polar and a nonpolar component. Though one solvent can also be used. Some examples of one component systems are: Hydrocarbons: pentane, petroleum ether, hexanes. (Least Polar) Ether and dichloromethane (very similar polarity). (Moderately Polar) Ethyl acetate. (Most Polar) [1][2] Mobile Phase According to type of eluent: Gradient: Composition of solvent changes throughout the run. It is used for multiple components. Isocratic: Solvent has same composition throughout the run. It is used for single component.

8. Pump : A pressure range up to either 10 bar or 50 bar gives optimum separation results for a broad range of applications. There are different types of pumps: Pump Module C-601, 10 bar : The Pump Controller C-610 with a Pump Module C-601 is used for fast isocratic flash separations. Pump Module C-605, 50 bar: The Pump Manager C-615 with a Pump Module C-601/C-605 is used for isocratic Flash separations. Pump Manager C-615 : The Pump Manager C-615 with two Pump Modules C-601/C-605 for binary solvent gradients. Vacuum Pump/peristaltic Pump: Transfer Solvent from Mobile phase Reservoir to Flash Pump. [3]

9. Columns Glass Columns : A wide range of columns offer maximum flexibility for every situation. Depending on the nature and the quantity of the sample offers a series of column types which vary in form, size and performance. Plastic+Glass Column : Plastic+ Glass-coated Glass Columns are available for larger sample amounts and higher pressure applications on a high safety level. Precolumns : Precolumn are minimizing dead volumes and enhance the life time of the main column by trapping contaminants. The small Precolumn, fits to glass columns. [2][3]

10. Sample Loading : Two different methods are used to load the column: the wet method and the dry method. Wet Loading Method : In the wet method, the sample to be purified (or separated into components) is dissolved in a small amount of solvent, such as hexanes, acetone, or other solvent. This solution is loaded onto the column. Dry Loading Method : First dissolve the sample to be analyzed in the minimum amount of solvent and add about 100 mg of silica gel. Swirl the mixture until the solvent evaporates and only a dry powder remains. Place the dry powder on a folded piece of weighing paper and transfer it to the top of the prepared column.[ 2][3]

11. MAJOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COLUMN AND FLASH CHROMATOGRAPHY

12. PARAMETERS COLOUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY FLASH CHROMATOGRAPHY 1.Separation Separation is due to gravity. Pressurized gas is used to accelerate separation and achieve superior chemical separations. 2.Time Separation is slow. Separation is fast 3.Particle size Silica gel particles of size 74-250 µm (60-200 mesh size) is used. Silica gel particles of size 40-63 µm (230-400 mesh size) is used. 4 . Sample size Used for large sample size Used for small sample size 5.Cost Less expensive then flash Very expensive

13. WORKING The column is clamped vertically, and the sample is introduced to the top of the sand/silica before more mobile phase is added. Compressed air or nitrogen is then used to move the solvent through the column. As in gas or liquid chromatography, compounds with a greater affinity for the solid phase move more slowly through the column allowing different fractions to be collected from the column. These can then be identified using NMR or by another technique .[2][1]

14. ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF FLASH CHROMATOGRAPHY Advantages: Quick and efficient separation technique Can be used for a wide range of sample sizes and types Easy to use and relatively low cost Can be automated for high-throughput purification Disadvantages: Limited resolution compared to other separation techniques such as HPLC The use of large amounts of solvent can be wasteful and environmentally harmful The stationary phase can be expensive and difficult to recycle.

15. SOME MAJOR APPLICATIONS Flash chromatography is commonly used in the purification of organic compounds in various fields such as: Pharmaceuticals : for the isolation of drug candidates and intermediates Biotechnology: for the purification of proteins and peptides Natural product chemistry : for the isolation of natural products from plants and microorganisms Other applications include food and beverage analysis, environmental analysis, and forensic analysis. [5]

16. CONCLUSION Flash chromatography is a widely used separation technique that offers quick and efficient purification of organic compounds. It is versatile and can be used in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and natural product chemistry. While flash chromatography has some disadvantages, its advantages make it a valuable tool for many researchers and scientists.

17. REFERENCE 1 . A. B. Roge et al.,; BRIEF REVIEW ON: FLASH CHROMATOGRAPHY; International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 2, Issue 8 ; 2011; Page: 1930-1937. 2. W.C Still, M Kahn , A Mitra, Flash chromatography , J.Org.Chem . 43(14); 1978; Page: 2923-2925. 3 . Cudiamat , G. (2020, November 13). Flash Chromatography . Chromatography Online. https://www.chromatographyonline.com/view/flash-chromatography-3 . 4. Regenstein, J. M., & Regenstein, C. E. (1984). Column Chromatography. Food Protein Chemistry , 144–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-585820-5.50020-8 5. FLASH CHROMATOGRAPHY: AREA & APPLICATIONS. (n.d.). PharmaTutor . https://www.pharmatutor.org/articles/flash-chromatography-area-applications .