Flat panel

made by Harpret

1. FLATPANEL DISPLAYS

2. Contents INTRODUCTION TYPES OF FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS APPLICATIONS OF FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS ADVANTAGES OF FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS DISADVANTAGES OF FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS HOW FLAT PANEL WORK AND MANUFACTURED DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS AND CRT

3. INTRODUCTION The first ever flat panel display was invented in 1964 at the University of Illinois. Flat panel displays  also called Flat Screen. It encompass a growing number of electronic visual display  technologies. It enables much lighter and thinner than traditional television set and video displays that use cathode ray tubes (CRT). These are usually less than 100 mm (4 inches) thick.

4. Types VOLATILE FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS STATIC FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS

5. Volatile Flat Panel Displays Volatile displays require that pixels be periodically refreshed. This refresh typically occurs many times a second. Some examples of volatile flat panel displays :- Light-emitting diode displays (LED) Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) Organic light-emitting diode (OLED ) Plasma displays

6. STATIC FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS These rely on materials whose color states are  bistable . This results in a much more energy-efficient display. These require slow refresh rates.

7. Other Different types of flat panel displays Liquid crystal display (LCD) Plasma display panel (PDP) Light emitting diode (LED) display Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs)

8. Liquid crystal display (LCD ) LCDs are the established technology for a broad range of u ses. LCDs take up less space, weigh less and use less power.

9. Plasma display panel (PDP ) Their visual displays are comparable to cathode ray tubes, but can be built m uch thinner and flatter. These are not suitable for portable and handheld devices.

10. Light emitting diode (LED) display These used for large, outdoor screens and billboards. Each pixel is formed using a cluster of red, green and blue LEDs.

11. Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs ) OLEDs are self-emissive, highly efficient and have excellent optical properties. There are two principle technologies of OLED:- Vacuum Deposition Systems Solution Processable OLED Systems

12. APPLICATIONS OF FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS Laptops Televisions   Cellular phones Digital cameras Camcorders Compact cameras   Pocket video camera

13. ADVANTAGES OF FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS Space Saving   Display size   Power consumption  

14. DISADVANTAGES OF FLATPANEL DISPLAY Durability Color Viewing Angle Price

15. Working Liquid crystals Passive LCDs Active matrix LCDs Colored LCDs

16. Liquid crystals Setup of a typical LCD panel: Polarizer Glass substrate Seal Spacer ITO Hard coat Polyimide TFT

17. Passive Display A passive matrix LCD is composed of several layers. The main parts are:- Two glass plates Connected by seals

18. Active matrix LCDs Active matrix technology is using thin-film transistors (TFT ). They are produced in  tube furnaces.

19. Color LCD’s Color filters are applied to the inside of the front glass sheet. Three colors red, blue, green and a black matrix are used.

20. How LCD’s are manufactured? The rear glass plates are the substrate for the TFT production in case of active matrix LCDs. The front glass plate wears the color filter layers, same as the rear glass plate ITO, hard coat and polyimide and the sealing. The singularized displays are filled with liquid crystal liquid and the opening in the seal is closed.

21. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS AND CRT? Resolution & Viewing Quality Refresh Rate Physical Size Price