Food security

Aspects,need for food security,hunger,Global hunger index,

1. By Abisha.S.J FC&RI

2. Food security exist when all people at all time have physical social and economic access to sufficient safe and nutritious food which meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life (FAO 2002)

3. Food insecurity  is often rooted in poverty and has long-term impacts on the ability of families, communities and countries to develop.

4. Current status Nearly 800 million people across the globe go to bed hungry every night. To meet the needs of a world population expected to reach 9 billion by 2050 , agricultural production will need to increase by at least 60 percent .

5. India’s poor population amounts to more than 300 million people, with almost 30 percent of India’s rural population living in poverty . The good news is, poverty has been on the decline in recent years. According to official government of India estimates, poverty declined from 37.2% in 2004-05 to 29.8% in 2009-10.

6. The  Global Hunger Index  (GHI) is a multidimensional statistical tool used to describe the state of countries'  hunger  situation. The GHI measures progress and failures in the  global  fight against  hunger . 

7. India is home to 25 percent of the world’s hungry population . An estimated 43 per cent of children under the age of five years are malnourished (WFP 2012) It has the world’s largest area under cultivation for wheat, rice, and cotton, and is the world’s largest producer of milk, pulses, and spices (World Bank 2014). Rural poverty declined by 8 percentage points from 41.8% to 33.8% and urban poverty by 4.8 percentage points from 25.7% to 20.9% over the same period (World Bank 2012).

8. Agricultural Production 2007 2008 2009 2010 Rice Production 144,570,000 MT 148,036,000 MT 135,673,000 MT 143,963,000 MT Wheat Production 75,806,700 MT 78,570,200 MT 80,680,000 MT 80,710,000 MT Maize Production 18,955,400 MT 19,731,400 MT 16,719,500 MT 21,725,800 MT Soybean Production 10,968,000 MT 9,905,000 MT 10,217,000 MT 12,736,000 MT

9. Agricultural Exports 2006 2007 2008 2009 Rice Exports 4,739,872 MT 6,450,062 MT 2,484,275 MT 2,148,040 MT Wheat Exports 46,633 MT 237.00 MT 1,121 MT 29.00 MT Maize Exports 637,411 MT 2,727,715 MT 3,537,303 MT 2,600,821 MT Soybean Exports 3,528 MT 7,460 MT 44,838 MT 24,699 MT

10. Agricultural Imports 2005 2006 2007 2008 Rice Imports 256.00 MT 162.00 MT 145.00 MT 85.00 MT Wheat Imports 37,760 MT 6,079,560 MT 2,677,830 MT 20.00 MT Maize Imports 1,632 MT 2,000 MT 4,273 MT 7,280 MT Soybean Imports 2.00 MT 336.00 MT 29.00 MT 38.00 MT

11. Food Security Indicators Calorie Supply Per Capita , Receipts of Food Aid (cereals) Calorie supply per capita is amount of food available for consumption, measured in kilocalories per capita per day. This figure is reached by dividing the total available food supply for human consumption by the population. This dataset tracks the calorie supply per capita in each country for calories available from crop products. Although these figures can be taken as average supply available for consumption, actual consumption by individuals can vary greatly.

12. Receipts of Food Aid is the amount of cereals designated as food aid and transferred to that country from all donors. Cereals include wheat, barley, maize, rye, oats, millet, sorghum, rice, buckwheat, alpiste /canary seed, fonio , quinoa, triticale, wheat flour, and the cereal component of blended foods. The figure represents cereal aid donated on a total-grant basis or on highly concessional terms. Data is compiled from information from donor countries and the World Food Programme (WFP).

13. 2014-2015 Global Food Policy Report INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE (IFPRI) This 2014–2015 Global Food Policy Report is the fourth in an annual series that provides a comprehensive overview of major food policy developments and events. This year’s annual report examines major food policy issues, global and regional developments, and commitments made in 2015, and presents data on key food policy indicators. The report also proposes key policy options for 2016 and beyond to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.  IFPRI Director General  Shenggen Fan

14. The report covers the following key questions in global food policy: How can we support the critical contributions of smallholders to food security in a world facing climate change? What are the causes and costs of food loss and waste within food systems, and how can this loss be reduced? How can sound management of water resources provide multiple benefits for health, nutrition, and sustainability? What policy choices can best promote sustainable management of agricultural land and soil resources and the ecosystem services they provide? Where are the most promising opportunities for exploiting synergies between green energy and food security goals? What changes in global diets can make the greatest contribution to food security and sustainability?

15. How can we feed a world of nine billion people by 2050? To do that, food production in developing countries must double in less than four decades. Despite recent progress, global food security and nutrition face existing and emerging challenges: climate change, natural disasters, land and water constraints, food safety risks, and persistent conflicts. Achieving the goal of eradicating hunger and malnutrition will become harder as diets change along with expanding urbanization and a rising middle class. The current global food system will need a paradigm shift to feed the world healthily and sustainably.

16. Fan proposed five areas where science and technology can play a critical role to promote the emergence of a new food system: Invest in agriculture R&D to produce more with less. Invest in biofortification to enhance health and nutritional status. Scale up existing agricultural technologies to improve food security. Support open data to connect knowledge networks . Engage in broader and more innovative partnerships to transform global food system for better nutrition and health outcomes.

17. Biofortification  is a process that uses conventional breeding to increase critical vitamins and micronutrients such as zinc, iron, and vitamin A in staple crops

18. Major commodities distributed include staple food grains, such as wheat, rice, sugar, and kerosene, through a network of fair price shops (also known as ration shops) established in several states across the country. a reserve of a commodity that can be used to offset price fluctuations .

19. Challenges to achieving food security Global water crisis Land degradation Climate change Agricultural diseases Food sovereignty Risks to food security Population growth Fossil fuel dependence Homogeneity in the global food supply Price setting Land use change Global catastrophic risks

20. World Summit on Food Security The World Summit on Food Security held in Rome in 1996 , aimed to renew a global commitment to the fight against hunger. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) called the summit in response to widespread under-nutrition and growing concern about the capacity of agriculture to meet future food needs.

21. Feed the Future  is the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, which establishes a foundation for lasting progress against global hunger. focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women. Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty and undernutrition .

22. Efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with governments, donor organizations, the private sector and civil society to enable long-term success Future aims to reduce the prevalence of poverty by 20 percent and the prevalence of stunted children under five years of age by 20 percent in the areas where the initiative works.

23. Pillars of food security The WHO states that there are three pillars that determine food security: food availability, food access, and food use. The FAO adds a fourth pillar: the stability of the first three dimensions of food security over time.  In 2009, the World Summit on Food Security stated that the "four pillars of food security are availability, access, utilization, and stability

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