Foot Joint

The foot and ankle form a complex system which consists of 28 bones, 33 joints, 112 ligaments, controlled by 13 extrinsic and 21 intrinsic muscles.

1. FOOT JOINT By- Henan Fatemah Pathan Group 92

2. Ankle (talocrural) joint

3. The ankle joint (or talocrural joint) is a synovial joint located in the lower limb. It is formed by the bones of the leg (tibia and fibula) and the foot (talus).

4. 03 01 02 Articulating Surfaces tibia The tibia is the main bone of the lower leg. It is considered to be the second largest bone in the body and it plays an important role in weight bearing. fibula The fibula is the slender long bone that is attached next to and a little below the tibia. The fibula provides lateral stability for the lower leg and acts as a tie rod to increase the range of motion for the ankle. talus The talus is the bone at the top of the foot that serves as a perch for the tibia and holds the weight of the entire body.

5. Ligaments found in the ankle There are two main sets of ligaments, which originate from each malleolus. 01 02 Medial Ligament Lateral Ligament The medial ligament (or deltoid ligament) is attached to the medial malleolus (a bony prominence projecting from the medial aspect of the distal tibia). It resists over-inversion of the foot, and is comprised of three distinct and separate ligaments: Anterior talofibular, Posterior talofibular, Calcaneofibular

6. medial collateral ligament i s a triangular band that attaches to the medial malleolus proximally and to the calcaneus, talus and navicular bones distally. The ligament consists of four main groups of fibres: The tibionavicular fibres (anterior segment) The tibiocalcaneal fibres (intermediate segment) The anterior tibiotalar fibres (deep segment) The posterior tibiotalar fibres (posterior segment)

7. Lateral collateral ligament The lateral collateral ligament consists of three separate ligaments: The anterior talofibular ligament- the anterior talofibular ligament connects the talus with the lateral malleolus of the fibula. The posterior talofibular ligament- runs horizontally from the distal aspect of the fibular malleolus to the lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus. The calcaneofibular ligament- is a long cord that runs from a depression anterior to the fibular malleolus to a tubercle on the lateral aspect of the calcaneus.

8. The ankle joint is uniaxial and allows both dorsiflexion and plantar flexion. The range of dorsiflexion is 10 degrees when the knee is straight and can increase to approximately 30 degrees when the knee is flexed. The normal range of plantar flexion is about 30 degrees.

9. Joints of the foot Inferior (distal) tibiofibular joint The inferior, or distal, tibiofibular joint is a syndesmosis, a slightly mobile, fibrous joint joined together with connective tissue.

10. Ligaments It consists of three separate ligaments: The anterior tibiofibular ligament- is a flat band that descends between the tibia and fibula anterior to the syndesmosis. The posterior tibiofibular ligament -descends posteriorly to the syndesmosis between the tibia and fibula. The distal part of this ligament, the inferior transverse ligament, is a yellow band that connects the medial and lateral malleoli. The interosseus tibiofibular ligament -is a continuation of the interosseus membrane and is the strongest of the three ligaments.

11. THANK YOU