Forage AND fodder crops

HNGU PATAN.
m.sc sem 3 botany
cbo - 502

1. Forage / Fodder Crops:- Bajara and Guarbean

2. Contens Introduction 1. BAJARA :- Classification - Origin -Morphology - Uses 2. Guarbean :- Classification - Origin - Morphology
- Uses

3. 1. BAJARA classification - Kingdom : Plantae - Division :- Angiosperms - Class: Commelinids - Order: Poales - Family: Poaceae - Genus : Pennisetum -Species: glaucum - Local Name : Bajara , Pearl millet

4. I NTRODUCTION Fodder crops are crops that are cultivated primarily for animal feed. By extension , natural grasslands and pastures are include whether they are cultivated or not. Fodder crops may be classified as either temporary or permanent crops. The former are cultivated and harvested like any other crops.

5. ORIGIN Pearl millet probably originated from western tropical Africa more than 3000years ago and from there spread across Africa and south Asia . However there is though that it may have originated in the Abyssinia region. In Asia it's imp crop of India , Pakistan , China ,and South Eastern Asia.

6. Morphology The plants are tall and annual. They growing to a height of a feet to 15 feet. The inflorescence is a dence spike like head or panicle 6 to 15 inches long and 1 inch or so in diameter. It's terminal, cylindrical and compact. Each spikelet consists of lower staminate and upper bisexual flower. The ovary is unilocular,containing single seed.

7. Cultivation Climate requirements : Bajara grows in dry and warm climatic condition. Ideal temperature for Bajara cultivation is between 20'c - 30 ' c . Soil requirement : Bajara can be grow in wide range of soils. It grows successfully well in soils with low pH or high salinity.

8. Fertilizers : Bajara requires less nutrients 90- 100 kg of nitrogen , 50 -60 kg of phosphorus 50 - 60 kg of potassium is recommended for hybrid variety. Harvesting : The crop is ready for harvesting when the grain become hardy and contain moisture .

9. Uses Bajra is an good source of essential amino acid that make up protein molecules. It contains many essential minerals like magnesium, phosphorus ,zinc etc.. It contains essential amino acids and vitamins also which contribute to its therapeutic properties. Milletes are good source of starch making it a high energy .

10. Reduce cancer risk : all millets are known to reduce the risk of cancer occurrence and pearl millet is no exception. Beneficial for heart health :- The lignin and phytonutrient in Miller act as strong antioxidant thus preventing heart related disease. High amount of magnesium control blood pressure and relieve heart stress .

11. Helps in bone growth development and repair : It has a large amount of phosphorus. It is very essentials for bone growth and development of ATP which is the energy currency of our body Helps in weight loss :- Pearl millet can aid the process of weight.

12. 2. GUARBEAN Classifications Kingdom :- Plantae Division :- Angiosperms Class :- Rosids Order :- Fabales Family :- Fabaceae Genus :- Cymopsis Species :- tetragonoloba ( L)

13. Origin The origin of C. Tetragonoloba is unknown. Since it has been found in the wild. It was domesticated in India and Pakistan where it has been cultivated for many centuries. Guar grow well in semiarid areas but frequent rainfall is necessary. Some botanist thinks Asia , particularly India to be the place of it's origin.

14. Morphology The guarbean is an annual legume. It has a vigorous root system. It has a main single stem with either basal branching or fine branching along the stem. It's fine leaves have an elongated oval shape and of alternate position.

15. The flowers are white or pink and turn deep purple and followed by fleshy seed po ds. They are straight , hairy ,pale green and up to 10 cm long . Usually mature seeds are white or gray but in case of excess moisture they can lose germination capacity.

16. Cultivation Climate requirement : Guar is drought tolerant and sun loving but it is susceptible. Guar grown in warm climatic conditions. Soil requirement:- Cluster bean can be grown on all type of soil but Sandy loam soil is best suited it.

17. Trrigation :- There Is no need for trrigation for rainy season crop. Sowing of seeds :- Main c rop is sown in monsoon , at the end of June or in beginning of July. Seed rate :- 5 - 8 kg/ hector. Harvesting :- The green pods are harvested from the plant by cutting.

18. Uses In Asia guarbean are used as vegetable for human consumption and crop grown for cattle feed. Lower grade of guar gum which is used in clothes & paper manufacture. Guar leaves can be used like spinch and the pods are prepared like salad or vegetable.

19. Great for diabetics: It's contain glyconutrients that help in controlling blood sugar levels. Make bone strong :- It's benefits existence of phosphorus and calcium it fortles bones as well as enhance bone health. Better blood circulation :- The presence of iron enhance hemoglobin content and enhance oxygen consumption capacity of the blood .

20. Full of nutrients : It's usually are wealthy method of obtaining proteins soluble fibre too along these it includes numerous important vitamins namely vitamins k , vitamins C , Vitamins A , foliates and abundant along with absolutely no cholesterol and fats. Resolve anemia :- lron should be in a soluble and absorbable from to reduce the chances if anemia .

21. Reference Economic Botany by B. P. Pandey Economic Botany by Pooja www.Wikipedia .org www.Google .com

22. Thank You