Foreign Policy of Pakistan [Autosaved].pptx

veryday tasks in better or more convenient ways. For example, OpenTable.
com is a website that allows users to make restaurant reservations online and
now covers most of the United States. If you’re planning a trip to Boston, for
example, you can access OpenTable.com, select the area of the city you’ll be
visiting, and view descriptions, reviews, customer ratings, and in most cases
the menus of the restaurants in the area. You can then make a reservation at
the restaurant and print a map and the directions to it. The basic tasks that
OpenTable.com helps people perform have always been done: looking for a
restaurant, comparing prices and menus, soliciting advice from people who are
familiar with competing restaurants, and getting directions. What OpenTable.
com does is help people perform these tasks in a more convenient and expedi-
ent manner.
Another aspect of technological advances is that once a technology is cre-
ated, products often emerge to advance it. For example, the creation of the
Apple iPod, iPhone, iPad, and similar devices has in turned spawned entire
industries that produce compatible devices. For example, Rokit is a high-end
mobile accessories company that makes smartphone cases, headphones,
portable USB device chargers and Bluetooth speakers. Rokit wouldn’t exist
if it weren’t for the advent of the smartphone industry. Similarly, there are
a growing number of start-ups working on smartphone apps. An example is
Ubersense, the subject of the You Be the VC 5.2 feature. Ubersense has made
a smartphone and tablet app that allows athletes, coaches, and parents to
shoot video of an athlete’s move or competition, and then analyze the video in
a variety of ways.
Political Action and regulatory Changes Political and regulatory
changes also provide the basis for business ideas. For example, new laws often
spur start-ups that are launched to take advantage of their specifications. This
is currently happening as a result of the passage of the Affordable Care Act
(Obamacare). The combination of new regulations, incentitives for doctors and
hospitals to shift to electronic records, and the release of mountains of data held
by the Department of Health and Human Services (on topics such as hospital
quality and nursing home patient satisfaction), is motivating entrepreneurs to
launch electronic medical records start-ups, apps to help patients monitor their
medications, and similar companies.9
On some occassions, entire industries hinge on whether certain govern-
ment regulations evolve in a manner that is favorable to the industry. For ex-
ample, there are several start-ups poised to commercialize the use of drones,
or Aerial UAV’s. Drones can be used for a number of domestic purposes, such
as helping farmers determine the optimal level of fertilizer to place on crops
or helping filmmakers shoot overhead scenes. Amazon.com created quite a bit
of buzz in late 2013 when it suggested it would like to use drones for package
delivery. As of spring 2014

1. 1 st Semester Presentation of IR Department Of International Relation National University Of Modern Languages

2. International Humanitarian Law Names of members Topics covered Abdul Muqtadir Intro, Scope of IHL and IHRL Ayesha Mumtaz When does IHL implemented

3. Introduction of IHL Definition A set of rules which seek, for humanitarian reasons, to limit the effect of armed conflict, it protects persons who are not, or are no longer participating in the hostilities and limits imposes the means and methods of warfare. The conduct and responsibilities of belligerent nations, neutral nations and inevitable engaged in warfare. IHL is known as law of armed conflict and law of war. The major part of international humanitarian law is contained in the four Geneva Conventions of 1949.

4. Origin of IHL The codification of IHL began in the nineteenth century, notably through the adoption of the 1864 Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field and the 1868 Declaration of Saint Petersburg , which prohibited the use of certain projectiles in wartime . The (IRCR) organization came into being at the initiative of a man named Henry Dunant , who helped wounded soldiers at the battle of Solferino in 1859.

5. Justification of War Jus ad Bellum - Latin ter m for moral criteria establishing the right to go to war. Laws governing whether state may resort to war. “Right to war ” Jus in bello - Latin term for moral criteria establishes right to conduct the war. Law governing how a state conduct war. Justice in War.

6. Comparison of IHL and IHRL There are similarities between some of the rules of IHL and human rights law. Both bodies of law strive to protect the lives, health and dignity of individuals . However, these two branches of public international law have developed separately, have different scopes of application and are contained in different treaties. In particular, human rights law – unlike IHL – applies during both armed conflict and peacetime