Forensic Odontology

Metallurgical study

1. South Indian Medicolegal Association Dr.Nafeeya Department of Forensic Medicine &Toxicology March 2019 Vol- 11 No -1

2. A FORENSIC ODONTO-METALLURGICAL STUDY DISASTER VICTIM IDENTIFICATION THROUGH DENTAL RESTORATIVE MATERIALS WITH EXTREME TEMPERATURE INVOLVEMENT Rupal Patle et al Forensic Science Laboratory, Gujarat, India

3. OVERVIEW Introduction AIM OF THE STUDY Materials & methods Results Discussion Medicolegal importance

4. Introduction Disasters natural & man made Uncommon in India Victims identification- social responsibility Tooth – vital role Identification – characteristic features

5. Aim Of The Study Establishing identification of an individual using dental restorative materials

6. Materials Total 26 brands of dental restorative materials 16 composite, 7 glass ionomers,1 amalgam, 1 full metal crown, 1 crown of Zirconia) have been studied. Extreme temperature of 900°c for 30 min & Then analysis was done for their inorganic composition by using EDXRF (energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence) & SEM /EDS.

7. Methods Disk prepared Five separate areas Control samples Stored- 0.9% sodium chloride aqueous solution Changed -2 weeks -1 month

8. Crucibles-Muffle furnace Digital hand held microscope

9. Energy dispersive X –ray fluorescence spectrometer

10. Results Retrieval of restorative material from burnt restored tooth debris Detection of various classes of restorative materials through EDXRF Detection of various brands of restorative materials through EDXRF Detection of various brands of restorative materials through SEM/EDS:

11. Burnt debris of a tooth restored with amalgam after incinerating at 900°C for 30 min

12. Burnt debris of a tooth restored with composite resin after incinerating at 900°C for 30 min

13. Burnt debris of a tooth restored with glass ionomer after incinerating at 900°C for 30 min.

14. Burnt restored tooth where restoration has got dislodged after incineration at 900°C for 30 min

15. Victims of Asian Tsunami

16. M. Petju et al 5395 death 600 bodies fingerprint DNA – Buccal mucosa ,hair 5 th day after disaster -550 dentist 46.2%- dental records Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) System International Software to assist in the identification process Importance of dental records for victim identification following the Indian Ocean tsunami disaster in Thailand Journal Of Royal Institute of Public Health

17. Colgan Air Flight 3407

18. Mary bush DDD et al The crash of Colgan Air flight 3407: Advanced techniques in victim identification Journal Of American Dental Association Identification of 3 victims Recovering dental fragments Restorative material adherent to it . Root canal methods

19. Discussion Dental identification not possible . EDXFS & SEM

20. EDXRF Elemental analysis applications. .   Principle A primary X-ray, typically generated in an X-ray tube, hits an inner shell electron of the atom and ejects the election from the atom Non-destructive analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of materials. XRF analyzers determine the chemistry of a sample by measuring the fluorescent (or)x-ray emitted from a sample when it is excited by a primary x-ray source.

21. Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer

22. Dental restorative material Composite resins Glass Ionomers Amalgam Zirconia Full metal crown To replace tooth structure loss, usually due to dental caries . Dental trauma. Cosmetic purposes

23. Polymer-based materials  After incineration –with high melting point Trace elements were excluded –complicate the identification Composite resins

24. Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer

25. Calcium aluminium silicate After incineration 900 deg -30 minutes Silver reinforced glass ionomers ,strontium Glass Ionomers

26. Contain mercury alloys  liquid, a soft paste or a solid, depending upon the proportion of mercury Only one class was collected No comparison Identification Amalgam

27. Burnt Composite & Amalgam Restorative material

28. Fill cavities caused by tooth decay Oxides –identified Only one class was collected No comparison Identification Manufacture guide-DD Bio ZX2 98 Zirconia

29. Full crown covering all axial surfaces of the tooth as well as the occlusal surface and made of metal. Identification Manufacture guide-max white Ruby Full metal crown

30. Limitation of the study Present study is limited to the materials available in Indian market . More work in this restorative material will magnify the study This is proved in each brand of restorative material that is under study . Only one class of restorative material was collected. So no comparison and identification will be difficult. Existing dental records not found in India

31. Conclusion Most significant tool for the identification irrespective of the temperature. The restorative material - reliable marker for the identification.

32. Medicolegal importance Identification of dental specimens in crime scene Personal Identification – In severely burnt bodies , disaster victim bodies.

33. Reference M. Petju et al-Journal Of Royal Institute of Public Health Marry A Buss – Journal of Forensic Science - Detection and Classification of Composite Resins in Incinerated Teeth for Forensic Purpose Luz María Villegas Sánchez et al- Rev Mex Med Forense , 2019, 4 (3): 39-50 Nandita Kottieth Pallam et al-Journal of forensic dental science - Indian Journal of Dental Research, 22(3), 2011 Saritha Maloth et al- Indian Journal of Dental Research Nima A.Osman et al-ARC Journal of Forensic Science Narayana reddy text book of forensic medicin e and toxicology