Forest and wildlife management

Forests help to preserve biodiversity.
Forests are natural habitats of plants and animals
Forests provide timber, wood, fuel, medicines, fodder, etc.
Forests help to maintain ecological balance.

1. Made By :- Dewang Class :- X th B FOREST AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT SCIENCE

2. Forests help to preserve biodiversity. Forests are natural habitats of plants and animals Forests provide timber, wood, fuel, medicines, fodder, etc. Forests help to maintain ecological balance. FORESTS Forests are ‘biodiversity hot spots’ Biodiversity measure by – Number of species found there. - range of different life forms present. Conservation means- preserve the biodiversity we have inherited Loss of diversity may lead to loss of ecological stability. Forests are home to over 80 percent of land animals and plants and cover 31 percent of the world's total land area . Importance of Forest 1 2 3 4

3. Honey,Wild,Meat, Fruits,Mushroom,Palm,Wine, Palm Oil, Cola Nuts,Wood Raw Material, Sawn Hardwood, Wood-based Panels, Paper , Paperboard, and Wood Pulp, Medicinal and Dietary Supplements, Rattan, Cane, and Raphia, Fuel wood, Grasses, Bamboo, Fibers Dyes and Tans . FORESTS PRODUCTS

4. Stakeholder of Forest Wildlife and nature enthusiasts The Forest Department Local People [forest tribal] The Industrialists

5. Local People (Forest tribal) Need large quantities of fire wood ,timber and thatch Bamboo is used to make slats for huts, baskets to collect and store food etc. Agricultural implements are made of wood Their cattle graze in the forests

6. The Forest Department Vast tracts of forests have been converted to monocultures of pine, teak or eucalyptus . Such plantations are useful for the industries to access specific products and are an important source of revenue for the Forest Department

7. The Industrialists Forests are the source of raw materials for industries such as: Timber Paper Lac Sports equipment

8. Wildlife and Nature Enthusiasts A group that is in no way dependent on the forests, but who may have considerable say in their management. The conservationists were initially taken up with large animals like lions, tigers, elephants and rhinoceros. They now recognize the need to preserve biodiversity as a whole.

9. Stakeholders of forests People who are associated with forests directly or indirectly are :- People living in and around forests depend on forests for their livelihood. Industrialists who use the raw materials from forests for manufacturing paper, medicines, furniture etc. Forest Department of the Government who owns the forests and controls the resources from the forests. Nature and wild life organizations who want to conserve and preserve forests.

10. Local people work traditionally for conserving for forest In 1731 Amrita Devi, a Bishnoi woman who, along with more than 363 other Bishnois , died for the protection of Khejari trees near Jodhpur in Rajasthan. Amrita Devi Bishnoi National Award for Wildlife Conservation’ by Indian Government.

11. Chipko Andolan (Hug the trees movement) Chipko movement started in the early 1970s in the Garhwal Himalayas of Uttarakhand when a group of peasant women in Reni village, acted to prevent cutting of trees and reclaim their traditional forest rights that were threatened by the contractor system of the state Forest Department.

12. West Bengal - Sal Forest Conservation In the 1970s, villagers around the Arabari forests (West Bengal) were involved in the protection of 1,272 hectares of badly degraded sal forest. In return for help in protection, villagers were given employment in both silviculture and harvesting operations, 25 percent of the final harvest, and allowed fuel wood and fodder collection on payment of a nominal fee. The sal forests of Arabari underwent a remarkable recovery by 1983 .

13. People’s participation in the management of forests Far-seeing forest officer, A.K. Banerjee in the Arabari forest range of Midnapore district Mr.Banerjeee involved the villagers in the protection of 1,272 hectares of badly degraded Sal forest. In return for help in protection, villagers were allowed fuel wood and fodder collection on payment of a nominal fee and given employment in both silviculture and harvesting operations, 25 per cent of the final harvest was given to the village community. The result was the active and willing participation of the local community. The Sal forests of Arabari underwent a remarkable recovery by 1983; a previously worthless forest was valued Rs. 12.5 crores.

14. Forests can be conserved by :- Afforestation – planting of more trees. Preventing or reducing deforestation. Preventing over grazing by cattle. By setting up wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, biosphere reserves etc. Undertaking social forestry programs like Van Mahotsav, Chipko movement for planting and protecting trees on a large scale. Conservation of Forests Cutting a tree means killing life. Saving a tree means you save a life, and you plant a tree, you do plant a life.

15. WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT Wildlife management can be defined as the “Manipulation of wildlife populations and habitat to achieve goals such as sustainability, population increase”.

16. Project Tiger Launched in 1973 by Government of India with the aims at ensuring a viable population of Bengal Tigers in their natural habitats and also to protect them from extinction , and preserving areas of biological importance as natural heritage forever represented as close as possible the diversity of ecosystem’s across the tiger’s distribution in the country.

17. Funds for Project Tiger

18. Project Elephant

19. Total 51 protected areas 17 National parks 17 Wildlife sanctuary Among them 39 are officially declared 5 Other category [botanical garden, Eco park, Safari park] Present Management Status

20. Prejudice against the traditional use of forest area has no basis . Himalayan National Park incident Alpine meadows grazed by sheep in summer. This practice was put to an end when national park was formed. Grass grows very tall and falls over preventing fresh growth.

21. Concept of wildlife conservation has been around since ancient times. Restrictions on taking game are mentioned in the Bible, first official hunting season may have been established in the 13th century by Kubla Kahn. Wildlife managers continuously monitor birth and death rate of various species and condition of their habitat. This provides data needed to set hunting regulations and determine if other wildlife management practices are needed to conserve wildlife species. WILDLIFE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT Cutting a tree means killing life. Saving a tree means you save a life, and you plant a tree, you do plant a life.

22. A loss of biodiversity may lead to loss of ecological stability Forests are referred to as the lungs of the Earth. We should conserve forests because they are essential for us in the following terms: Forest provide us with oxygen, they cause rainfall. Forest prevents soil erosion. Plants are dependent on animals and birds for their pollination and seed dispersal. Forests provide us with various medicines. Various forest products are used as raw materials in industries. Need to Manage Forests and Wildlife

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