Forest gardening

ORGANIC FARMING

1. Presentation On Forest Gardening

2. Submitted to : Dr. Thomas Abraham Submitted by : Group no.V (6 th Sem.) Shilpi Amita topno : 10BSCAG032 Ankita Tirkey : 10BSCAG039 Shraddha Suman : 10BSCAGO60 Aparna Priya : 10BSCAGO80 Harshita Khare : 10BSCAG087 Anand Singh : 10BSCAG104 Amit Kamlakar : 10BSCAG115 Vishnu Karun : 10BSCAG128 Mohd. Shabi : 10BSCAG132 Ankita Mandal : 10BSCAG139 Nanda KR. Maharjan : 10BSCAG151

3. INTRODUCTION Forest gardening  - it is a low maintenance  sustainable plant-based food production and  agroforestry  system based on  woodland ecosystems . Incorporate fruit  and  nut trees ,  shrubs ,  herbs , vines   and  perennial vegetables  which have yields directly useful to humans. A forest garden is a garden modelled on a natural woodland .

4. It has 3 layers of vegetation: Trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants. The plants in a forest garden are mainly perennial , which gives the system its long-term nature. Many of the plants which are used are multipurpose ; they may have a main function or have a number of other uses. Plants are also mixed to a large degree, so there are few large blocks or areas of a single species, and each species is grown close to many others in ways that are mutually beneficial.

5. PRINCIPLEs AND METHOD

6. SYSTEM OF MULTI-STORING CROPPING

7. PROVIDE MULCH

8. LEAVING SOIL UNDISTURBED

9. 4 Self Sustaining

10. 5 Low Maintenance

11. 6 Promote Biodiversity

12. 7 Highly Productive

13. It is a food production system based on replicating woodland ecosystems to grow fruits, trees, bushes, shrubs, herbs and vegetables, medicinal plants, fibre that are directly useful to people.

14. Food Security 8

15. Food security - growing a wide variety of food plants in your backgarden means that you have a steady supply of fresh food that is independent of price fluctuations, fuel availability, failed harvests etc. Because the food is produced close to the point of use there are no transport costs and there are no energy costs associated with industrialised farming.

16. Low Labour Requirement 9

17. Low labour requirements - once established the plants need little maintenance because they are perennial. Because it is close at hand, you can observe it carefully and make small interventions when needed. It is something that can be managed in a few hours a week. This means anyone can maintain a forest garden in their spare time.

18. LESS WATER CONSUMPTION.. 10

19. Water - deep rooted trees can access water from far below ground so there is little need for watering once established. The network of roots at different levels absorb water quickly and prevent rapid runoff, reducing the chance of flooding.

20. How to practice…?

21. Cleanliness. Weeding. Pruning. Thinning. Avoid animal grazing. Following are some methods to care & practice…

22. Practices Of Forest Gardening in different countries..

23. In India : In Kerala : Kannur district in Kerala shows utmost interest in preserving forest gardens. The 'Kaavus' or the local temples possess the glory of preserved forests without human encroachment. On the other side, the Kayyath Naagam is closely connected to the Indian way of worshiping snakes .

24. In Maharashtra : It is mainly practiced in raigad district. Here forest home gardening are part of broader watershed development initiative The fruit plants are planted in pits with proper line fencing. The plants are properly positioned, spaced in terms of soil depth , moisture, nutrients & sunlight. Proper mulching with weeds & grasses reduce water loss With the progress of watershed development work in villages, water table, quantity & quality of water also improved

25. NEPAL Home gardens are well eshtablished land use system in Nepal. More than 80% of the people who are farmers, practice home garden model. The average size of home gardens were reported as 415 sq metres. However this size is small in terai and larger in hill areas. A total of 131 species were recorded in these home gardens. It is an important contributors to the household food security and livelihoods of farming communities in Nepal.

26. Wet Zone Home Gardens • average size 0.25ha •Species composition is very high • Soil fertility is very low •Perennial crops are more common • Very High sloppy land Dry Zone Home Gardens • Average size 0.5 to 1.0 ha • Species composition is low • Water scarcity is major problem • Soil fertility is high • Potential for more crop verities • Very Low sloppy land HOME GARDENS IN SRI LANKA

27. Kandyan Forest Garden Located in Kandy, Matale, Kegalle and Ratnapura districts of Sri Lanka Out of total area 20% consists KFG in Kandy district. Almost same as Tropical Rain Forest Structure Tree height is around 30 m – 35 m Many strata – almost 5 canply layers Litter is very thick Very low light penitrate to the ground Soil errosion is very low ‐ simmilar to the Tropical rain forest Provide many habitats for wild animals Animal husbandry – Cattles , Poultry (free range system)

28. Success Story : Forest Gardens in Sri Lanka.. The Forest Garden program was an organic gardening system that helped to "re-green" rural communities and enhance forest regeneration The forest garden program constituted an integrated multi-sectoral approach to sustainable development.

29.   Through the Forest Gardens program, tree and seedling nurseries were established in 12 communities, propagating a total of 73,308 plants for reforestation — a value estimated at US$52,363.00. The program benefited hundreds of farm families, enabling them to improve their livelihoods while practicing sustainable management of their natural resources. Forest Gardens farmers were able to sell their produce through Forest Gardens Shops to several organic products exporters, like Lanka Organics, Guyapi Tropicales, and Quickshaws Ltd., for premium prices for export-quality certified products. The average monthly income, Rs. 3000 per month before the project started, increased on average by Rs. 824 with the introduction of income generation activities such as vegetable cultivation, seed collecting programs, ginger and tumeric cultivation, and plant nursery development.

30. In Nepal : locals formed Bhawanipur Forest User's Group. Over 65 hectors of open land is planted with herb Asparagus aka American jersyking as cash crop. Earned over Rs. 72 lakh last year alone. forest has also become a source of employment to locals. forest has inspired locals to participate in plantation, protection and scientific management of the forest in their own way Rubber plantation is done in 7 ha land

31. Why everyone isn't planting forest gardens ??? The idea is still new Skill Proven yields. Timescales. Work required. Economics. Scale. Food taste. The “all or nothing” effect. .

32. Conclusion

33. There are over 20,000 species of edible plants in world yet fewer than 20 species now provide 90% of our food. Large areas of land devoted to single crop increases the dependence upon intervention of chemicals & intensive control methods with added threat of chemicals resistant insect and new disease. The changing world climate greatly affecting cultivation indicates a greater diversity is needed. We need to use a minimal input of resources & energy, creat a harmonious ecosystem & cause least possible damage to the environment while achieving high productivity .

34. References : HOW TO MAKE FOREST GARDEN: By : Robert Hart. Forest Gardening By: John Arden Ferguson.

35. The END Thank you..