Forestation

Forestation

1. FORESTATION

2. DEFINITION Forestation means establishment of a forest naturally or artificially on an area which was previously for forests or not so as to cover the area with tree or forest

3. The word forest derived from Latin word foris which means outside

4. Forest A forest is a natural, self sustaining community. It is characterized by the presence of trees, which are large, generally single stemmed plants.

5. Benefits of forests Source of energy Source of food Provide shelter Provide a number of products Conserve the soil Maintain climate

6. Forest ecosystem cycle

7. Reasons for change in compositions and structure of forests Natural Succession Natural disturbances Human disturbances

8. DEFORESTATION Deforestation is defined as the unscrupolous and indiscriminate destruction of indigenous forests and wood lands

9. Causes of deforestation Over grazing of live stock Human Activities Natural Calamities Over population

10. Effects of deforestation Deprivation of shelter for birds, insects and food for animals and human beings Decreased Oxygen and increased carbon dioxide Scarcity of fuel wood Increase draughts Melting of ice caps causing floods Loss of cultural diversity Increased soil erosion Increased pollution

11. Effects of deforestation Decreased availability of food products Depletion of soil nutrients Global warming Increased aridity Rise in the sea level Global green house effect Biological diversity

12. Prevention of Deforestation Use recycled products When cutting down trees single out full-grown specimens and spare younger varieties use the same portion of land to plant different crops. Use alternate sources of energy such as cooking gas instead of wood Avoid wastage of forest products. Prohibit deforestation Encourage reforestation

13. Prevention of Deforestation Use of pesticides to reduce damage to forests. Control the forest fire created by human activity due to carelessness. Use of modern technology Reduce demand though through technological interventions. Strengthening the central and state forestry administration and institutions. Expansion of forest area can be achieved by implanting trees in forest with people’s participation. Celebrate Environment day to create awareness among people about how forestation can help in improving environment

14. Plan and policies for forestation and prevention of deforestation Indian forest act,1927 Van Mahotsava National forest policy Chipko movement Van Samrakshan Samiti National Forestry Actions Programme,1999

15. Indian forest act,1927 Objectives To conserve and protect the forests To ensure judicious use of forest products. Three forest officers Duties Prohibition of clearing of land Manage forest and protect officers

16. National forest policy,1952 Recommended that 30 percent of land area of country should be covered with forest In India, forests forms only 23 percent of total land area. Central and state government started afforestation programmes such as agro forestry, social forestry and urban forestry.

17. Van Mahotsava Since 1950 Celebrated twice a year in the month of February and July Deals with plantation of trees. Started by Union Ministry of Agriculture and food K.M. Munsi

18. National forest policy,1988 Aim To ensure environmental sustainability and maintenance of ecological balance including atmospheric stability which is vital for the sustenance of all forms of plants, animals and human beings.

19. National forest policy,1988 Objectives Conserving the natural heritage Increasing forest/tree cover substantially through afforestation and social forestry programmes . Meeting the requirement for fuel wood, fodder and small timber for rural and tribal population

20. National forest policy,1988 Objectives Increasing productivity of forests. Encouraging efficient utilization of forest produce. Creating a massive people’s movement Maintaining environmental stability

21. National Forest Policy (2011) Aim To ensure the maintenance of biodiversity, forest management for optimum combinations of productive, protective, recreational, aesthetic, scientific and educational benefits, and to contribute to the national economy and livelihoods.

22. National Forest Policy (2011) The strategies include: Provision of recreational and educational opportunities in forest areas Construct amenity facilities to enhance the recreational experience Enactment of legislation for parks and other protected areas Conservation of unique and representative flora, fauna, geology, landscapes, archaeology and other intrinsic features Promote participatory management of parks with local communities and interest groups.

23. Chipko movement,1973 Started in hilly areas of Uttar Pradesh For prevention of deforestation against relentless process of forest destruction. The movement got victory in 1982 and Mrs. Indira Gandhi banned the falling of trees for 15 years.

24. Vana Samrakshan Samiti The local / indigeneous people were involved who were residing at the periphery of forests.

25. National Forestry Actions Programme,1999 Plan of next 20 years Purpose To find out the issues and programmes to achieve sustainable forestry development by coordinated efforts.

26. National Forestry Actions Programme,1999