Forests deciduous evergreen

Deciduous and Evergreen Forests

1. Deciduous & Evergreen Forest Prepared by: Biplab Sarmah Tapan Moran M. Sc. 1 st Semester Department of Environmental Science Gauhati University

2. Forest The forest is a complex ecosystem consisting mainly of trees that buffer the earth and support a myriad of life forms.  The trees help create a special environment which, in turn, affects the kinds of animals and plants that can exist in the forest. Trees are an important component of the environment. They clean the air, cool it on hot days, conserve heat at night, and act as excellent sound absorbers.

3. Types of forests Deciduous forest Evergreen forest Montane forest Thorn forest Alpine forest

4. Deciduous Forest Deciduous- Fall off at certain season Trees shed their leaves for 6 to 8 weeks in dry season (during winter). They receive an annual rainfall of 70-200 cm Also known as monsoon forest

5. Climate Temperature. The average daily temperatures range between -30°C and 30°C with a yearly average of  10°C   . They experience four clearly defined seasons a year. Leaves changes color in autumn, fall off in winter and grow back in spring. Meghalaya Europe

6. Soil Soil is very fertile Great agricultural regions found here

7. Locations

8. Locations in India Madhya P radesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chattishgarh , Odisha and some other parts

9. Plants of deciduous forest Samul Sal Amla Oak Teak

10. Animals of deciduous forest Bear Squirrel Deer Rabbit Woodpeker

11. Types of deciduous forest Moist deciduous forest Dry deciduous forest

12. Moist deciduous forest They receive an annual rainfall of 100-200 cm They are found is the states of Jharkhand, chattishgarh , parts of West Bengal, Odisha and in the Andaman and Nicober Islands. The common species found are Teak, bamboo, semul , sal etc.

13. Dry deciduous forest They are found where rainfall is between 70-100 cm. At ground level we find solid grass and climber plants Found in the states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh etc Some common plants – teak, bel , palas , sal etc

14. Temperate deciduous forest

15. Tropical deciduous forest

16. Plants of Tropical deciduous forest

17. Animals of tropical deciduous forest Elephants Parrots Deer Tiger

18. Threats to deciduous forest Deforestation Acid rains Global warming Minnings

19. EVERGREEN FOREST

20. Evergreen Forest An evergreen forest is a forest made up of evergreen trees. They occur across a wide range of climatic zones, and include trees such as coniferous and holly in cold climates. Occurs in the region near equator. Also called Tropical rainforests. Pic : Evergreen Forest

21. Tropical Evergreen Forests are found in the regions receiving more than 200 cm of rainfall. Hard wood trees like rosewood, ebony, mahogany etc. are common. Trees occasionally attaining a girth of up to 7 metres (23 ft) and a height of up to 50 metres (160 ft).

22. Four types : tropical, temperate, mediterranean and coniferous.  1) Tropical Evergreen Forests → found - area of Amazon Basin, Western ghats , North-East India → climate - hot & wet → vegetation – dense forms canopy (thus, sunlight can't reach the ground) → Tree: Selvos , Salix, Sal, nee, shisham → Animals: Elephants Monkeys, Lemur, Deer, One-Horned Rhino,   Birds: Bats, Sloth, Scorpions, Snails → Nearly all amphibians & Reptiles 2) Temperate Evergreen Forests → found – Japan → climate - warm temperate → vegetation - less dense (but mixed type) → Trees – Walnut, birch, beech, poplar, elm. → Animals: Caribou, Elk, Beaver, Mountain Hare

23. Caribou Elk Beaver Mountain hare

24. 3) Mediterranean Evergreen Forests → found - area of Mediterranean Sea → climate - hot dry & warm wet → vegetation - not dense → Tree – Oak → Animals: Barbary macaque, panda, alligator. Barbary macaque Panda Alligator 4) Coniferous Evergreen forests → found - between 50° to 70° latitude. → Tree – Cedar, pine etc. → Animals: wolves, lynxes, bears, moose, deer, reindeer & Squirrels Wolf lynx

25. Benefits of Forests 1. induce rainfall. Prevent soil erosion. Home to a variety of fauna.   Timber Gum, honey, fruits, nuts, herbs. Fodder for animals.   Fuel for cooking and other purposes. Rich in humus. ‘Wind-breakers’ Forests absorb toxic gases and release oxygen into the atmosphere.

26. Forest Products

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